Materials Literature
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This study investigates the potential of controlling premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion strategies by varying fuel reactivity. In-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel injection of gasoline and early cycle, direct-injection of diesel fuel was used for combustion phasing control at a medium engine…
Defect levels are a problem for standard implementations of density-functional theory and the error also influences the energetics. We demonstrate that the HSE06 functional, which describes the electronic structure of all group-IV semiconductors well (including Ge), gives highly accurate charge transition levels, too,…
A fundamental study of the influence of solvents on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in nonaqueous electrolytes has been carried out for elucidating the mechanism of the oxygen electrode processes in the rechargeable Li−air battery. Using either tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF 6 ) or lithium hexafluor…
To predict how DOC performance deteriorates with a lifetime of use, it is important to understand the mechanisms of catalyst aging. In off-road applications, due to the continuous high load usage and relatively high oil consumption rate, poisoning of the Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) with Phosphorus may become an im…
Magnesium alloy extrusions offer potentially more mass saving compared to magnesium castings. One of the tasks in the United States Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP) ?Magnesium Front End Research and Development? (MFERD) project is to evaluate magnesium extrusion alloys AM30, AZ31 and AZ61 for automotive body a…
Ho 3+ –Tm 3+ ‐codoped GeS 2 –Ga 2 S 3 –CsCl chalcohalide glasses are prepared and their upconversion (UC) show that the green UC luminescence from Ho 3+ ions under an 808 nm diode laser excitation is considerably enhanced by Tm 3+ ions codoping while the red UC luminescence from Tm 3+ ions is weakened. The relevant me…
System integration and miniaturization with higher performance is driving thin‐film capacitor technologies toward higher capacitance densities with CMOS or organic package‐compatible processes for noise‐free power supply, power conversion, and efficient power management. The hydrothermal route can deposit crystalline…
Multi-cylinder hydrogen-absorbing alloy tanks for fuel cell vehicles have 10 to 40 metallic cylinders that are bundled and filled with hydrogen-absorbing alloy. In this system, the cylinders themselves act as a heat exchanger and the working pressure is lowered to 10 to 20 MPa compared with high-pressure MH tanks. Mor…
Abstract The thermal degradation of chitosan and chitosan–cupric ion compounds in air was studied using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses in the temperature range 30–600 °C. The impact of cupric ion on the thermo‐oxidative degradation of chitosan was investigated. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray…
A simulation technology has been developed to enable prediction of galvanic corrosion in chassis parts where two different materials, iron and aluminum, come into contact with each other. When polarization curves representing a corrosive environment are input, this simulation technology calculates the corrosion curren…
Programmierbarer Auf- und Abbau: Chemische und spektroskopische Studien zeigen, dass die Bildung von Se-Se-Bindungen die oxidationsinduzierte Aggregation von Thiolat-substituierten CdSe-Nanopartikeln zu Gelen bewirkt. Der Zusatz von Reduktionsmitteln führt zur Spaltung der Se-Se-Bindungen und zur Auflösung des Gels. D…
Piezoceramic fibers are broadly used for advanced ultrasound transducers and composite sensors and actuators for smart system applications. Different techniques (ALCERU ® cellulose spinning technique, extrusion, and polysulfone process) have been developed for fiber fabrication, although there is still an essential ne…
Hat sections made of steel are frequently encountered in automotive body structural components such as front rails. These components can absorb significant amount of impact energy during collisions thereby protecting occupants of vehicles from severe injury. In the initial phase of vehicle design, it will be prudent t…
The use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) in conjunction with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) is now a well-established aftertreatment system design for on-road heavy duty diesel. For non-road applications, the DOC must respond to the need for performance under more diverse and less favorable conditions, such as…
We have successfully detected spin chirality in prototypical multiferroic MnWO 4 wherein the helical magnetic order induces ferroelectricity using a nonresonant circularly polarized X-ray diffraction technique. The intensity of the magnetic reflection from MnWO 4 shows a clear difference between the right- and left-ha…
Licht bestimmt die Struktur: Eine photochemisch aktive Einheit macht die Selbstorganisation eines lipophilen Guanosinderivats mit Licht steuerbar: Die Bildung von G-Quartetten lässt sich ein- und ausschalten (siehe Schema).
Photochromic spirooxazines functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) oligomers were monitored using NMR spectroscopy at temperatures between 193 and 233 K before and after in situ exposure to UV irradiation. NOESY and ROESY experiments reveal the TTC (trans-s-trans-cis) isomer t…
Hard- and soft-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (HAXPES and SXPES) are very powerful for studying the bulk electronic structures of strongly correlated electron systems. The presence of an intrinsic surface layer on clean fractured surfaces is demonstrated for LiV 2 O 4 . In this material, single-nucleus recoil effe…
The security evaluation of some structures shocked by an underwater explosion (UNDEX) frequently plays a key role in some cases, and it is necessary to accurately predict the damage condition of the structure in an UNDEX environment. This study investigates the dynamic linear and non-linear responses and shock damages…
The tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB)‐structured Ba 4 Sm 2 Fe 2 M 8 O 30 (M=Nb, Ta) dielectrics were prepared and investigated. Dielectric and ferroelectric behaviors revealed that the niobate and the tantalate display ferroelectric and paraelectric nature at room temperature (RT), respectively. The dielectric spectrum…