Materials Literature
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Crystalline sodium tantalate thin films with pyrochlore (Na 2 Ta 2 O 6 ) and perovskite (NaTaO 3 ) structures are successfully synthesized on Ta metal substrates by a hydrothermal−electrochemical method at low temperature (≤473 K). The phase, film thickness, and domain size of the synthesized films are shown to be con…
The size of the cooperatively rearranging region (CRR) at T g has been measured for syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) confined between the layers of an organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) according to the method developed by Donth. The results show that the size of the CRR is constrained by the layers and that it…
We report the preparation of direct hexagonal liquid crystals, constituted of oil-swollen cylinders arranged on a triangular lattice in water. The volume ratio of oil over water, rho can be as large as 3.8. From the lattice parameter measured by small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that all the oil is indeed incorpor…
Photoinduced changes in the mechanical and dielectric properties of azobenzene polymer films were measured utilizing the method of electromechanical spectroscopy. The measurements revealed a strong correlation between the time-dependent behavior of the plate compliance and the dielectric constant under irradiation. Ac…
An investigation of ion beam emission from a low energy plasma focus (PF) device operating with methane is reported. Graphite collectors, operating in the bias ion collector mode, are used to estimate the energy spectrum and ion flux along the PF axis, using the time-of-flight technique. The ion beam signals are time…
Titanium−silica hollow spheres with a mesoporous shell have been synthesized using an inverse multiple oil−water−oil (O/W/O) emulsion. The oil phase consists of kerosene and sorbitan monooleate (Span 80, C 24 H 44 O 6 ); the aqueous phase is a viscous sol solution, prepared from ethanol, Ti−Si species, and HNO 3 solut…
Bacterial surfaces contain proteins, polysaccharides, and other biopolymers that can affect their adhesion to another surface. To better understand the role of proteins in bacterial adhesion, the interactions between two different model colloids (glass beads and carboxylated latex microspheres) and four proteins coval…
Colloidal suspension can be regarded as an ideal model system of emulsions, protein solutions, foods, and inks. When there are strong attractive interactions between colloidal particles, they aggregate, phase separate, and sometimes form gel. The basic understanding of the resulting formation of superstructures is of…
The frequency and temperature dependences of the hysteresis loops in Pb[(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 ) 0.95 (Mn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.05 ]O 3 ceramics have been investigated. The polarization-field hysteresis curves show 'pinched' shapes at room temperature and higher frequencies, whereas they display normal square-like loops at 200°C a…
Homopolymers of azobenzene methacrylates (azo) and their diblock copolymers with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl metharylate (DMAEMA) were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymers of cyano- and butoxy-substituted azobenzenes exhibited liquid crystalline textures. Water-soluble diblock copolymers co…
The maximum entropy and reverse Monte Carlo methods are applied to the computation of the phonon density of states (DOS) from heat capacity data. The approach is introduced and the formalism is described. Simulated data are used to test the method, and its sensitivity to noise. Heat capacity measurements from diamond…
Single particle resonances in quantum wires are generally Fano resonances. In case of Fano resonances, the scattering phase shift in some channels show sharp phase drops and that in the other channels do not. Phase shift in a particular channel can be measured and can yield information about the integrated charge loca…
It was recently demonstrated that the Stillinger-Weber silicon undergoes a liquid-liquid first-order phase transition deep into the supercooled region (Sastry and Angell, Nature Materials 2, 739 (2003)). Here we study the effects of perturbations on this phase transition. We show that the order of the liquid-liquid tr…
The structure and the dielectric properties of Pb (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (PZN) crystal have been investigated by means of high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction (with an x-ray energy of 32 keV) and dielectric spectroscopy (in the frequency range 100 Hz–1 MHz). At high temperatures, the PZN crystal exhibits a cubic…
Ceria-supported precious metals have great potential for use as water-gas-shift (WGS) catalysts in fuel processors for fuel-cell applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms that have been proposed for these catalysts and discuss the deactivation that has been observed. Since a redox mechanism appears to expl…
Mesostructured silica SBA-15 materials with different structural parameters, such as pore size, pore volume, and wall thickness, etc., were prepared by varying the postsynthesis hydrothermal treatment temperature and adding inorganic salts. The hydrothermal stabilities of these materials in steam (100% water vapor) we…
In this article, the effects of size and confinement at the nanometre size scale on both the melting temperature, T m , and the glass transition temperature, T g , are reviewed. Although there is an accepted thermodynamic model (the Gibbs–Thomson equation) for explaining the shift in the first-order transition, T m ,…
Recent research activities on the linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect?induction of magnetization by an electric field or of polarization by a magnetic field?are reviewed. Beginning with a brief summary of the history of the ME effect since its prediction in 1894, the paper focuses on the present revival of the effect.…
The oxygen permeation flux through the perovskite membrane made of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) has been measured as a function of both the temperature and the oxygen pressure gradient across the membrane. A simple model for the surface exchange fluxes was used to understand the mechanism of the oxygen transport. T…
Article Crystal structure of tripotassium tetraselenidophosphate, K3PSe4 was published on April 1, 2005 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 220, issue 1-4).