Materials Literature
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Abstract In the production of intracellular products, a cell disruption step in the downstream processing is necessary for product release. While in the past, cell disruption behavior was simply measured with different devices, today the microprocess within these devices is the focus of interest. This contribution sum…
Abstract This chapter deals with inorganic luminescent materials and consists of two parts. It starts with a general description of luminescence‐ and excitation mechanisms, by giving a description of the way they operate in well‐known devices, like lamps or medical imaging equipment. In the second part, we concentrate…
This paper presents for the first time the exact structures at the atomic\nlevel of two important nanomaterials, boron nitride and coronene. Both these\ncompounds are hexagonal layer structures similar to graphene in two dimensions\nand to graphite in three-dimensions. However, they have very different\nproperties: wh…
Abstract Protein crystallization has become today a fundamental operation in scientific, technological, and industrial sectors. The principal aim of crystal growers is to obtain protein crystals with specific characteristics. Large, well‐diffracting crystals are necessary for tridimensional structure resolution at ato…
Introduction Screening of N-Carbamoyl-D-Amino Acid Amidohydrolase Screening of DCase-Producing Microorganisms Purification and Characterization of the Enzymes Isolation of Enzyme Genes Cloning of Enzyme Genes Analysis of the Enzyme Genes Improvement of the Enzyme in Stability Mutagenesis Nucleotide Sequence Analysis o…
Abstract Bioelectronics can be defined as the functional integration of biological molecules together with electronic components. Bioelectronic systems combine the specific recognition properties of proteins or DNA with the mechanical and electrical properties of metallic or semiconducting solid‐state materials. A maj…
Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction; Historical Aspects 2. Physical Principles 3. Types of Contrast Media 4. Requirements and Properties of Iodine‐Containing X‐Ray Contrast Media 5. Applications 6. Safety
The [FePt(1 nm)/X(t)]10 (X=Ag2Te, Ag, and thickness of t=0.1–0.3 nm) multilayer was deposited alternately on glass substrate and subsequently annealed by rapid thermal process (RTP) at 800 °C for 10 min. After RTP, the interface between FePt and Ag2Te was intermixed by forming particulate films. The L10 FePt grain siz…
Abstract Edible films are stand‐alone structures that have appearance and protective functions similar to synthetic polymer film. However, they are comprised of edible proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and/or resins, and other components that render them edible. Thus, they can be consumed with a packaged product, res…
Abstract Intelligent packaging is based on the science and technology that can carry out intelligent functions such as detecting, sensing, recording, communicating and applying scientific logic. Two basic types of smart package devices are data carriers (such as bar code labels and RFID tags), which are used to transm…
Abstract Tyrosine phenollyase (TPL) is a pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzyme that normally catalyzes α,β‐elimination ofL‐tyrosine to produce pyruvate, ammonia, and phenol. The enzyme also catalyzes β‐elimination reaction, alanine racemization, and reverse reaction of α,β‐elimination. The finding of the reverse rea…
Abstract This article is an overview of the biosynthetic pathway ofL‐isoleucine and its regulation inEscherichia coli, and also describes evolution ofL‐isoleucine‐hyperproducing strains of microorganisms.L‐isoleucine is one of three branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs). They are synthesizedde novoby bacteria, fungi and…
Abstract This article provides an overview of the fundamental aspects for pharmaceutical freeze‐drying, including the rationale for freeze‐drying process design and control, the basics of formulation development for freeze‐drying, the importance of the container‐closure system, and a general description of pharmaceuti…
Abstract Microbial metabolite export is an essential issue in industrial biotechnology. The reason is simple: otherwise, the development of advanced engineered strains might fail. Export belongs to the entire reaction sequence of substrate uptake and conversion to the valuable product finally accumulating in the mediu…
Abstract This article is an up‐to‐date report on the biotechnological applications in the industry of the flavoproteinD‐amino acid oxidase, in the past and in the present.D‐Amino acid oxidase constitutes a model FAD‐dependent protein due to widespread interest and extensive investigations in the years in mechanistic a…
Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) function to provide bacteria with resistance. PHAs with diverse structures have been developed for various applications including fermentation, materials, packaging, biomedicals, and biofuels. The most critical problem for commercial PHA production is the cost. For many years, rec…
Abstract Aggregation is both a blessing and a curse to the biochemist seeking to purify and use recombinant proteins. Reversible aggregation/precipitation induced by agents such as polyethylene glycol and salts can be used to purify proteins. However, proteins often undergo uncontrolled and irreversible aggregation th…
Introduction Biochemical Fundamentals Principles of Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Factors Determining Partitioning Thermodynamics Alternative Two-Phase Systems Affinity Extraction Detergent-Based System Reversed Micelles Thermoseparating Polymers Applications Technical Aspects Recycling of Process Chemicals Large-Scale…
Abstract Cell detachment of adherently growing cells is a key operation in any cell culture laboratory as well as in animal cell technology in order to amplify cells for different purposes, which are the amplification for getting the cell number/mass for experimental and testing or necessary for production purposes. T…
The article contains sections titled: 1. Solventborne Paints 1.1. General Information 1.2. Properties and Raw Materials 1.3. Environmental Protection and Application Technology 2. Solvent-Free and Low-Solvent (High-Solids) Paints 2.1. Principles 2.2. Production and Uses 3. Waterborne Paints 3.1. Properties 3.2. Produc…