Off-shell electromagnetic duality invariance
Reviews the theorem that the Maxwell action, and not just the field equation, is invariant under duality transformations.
Materials Literature
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Liquids, Glasses, and the Melting of Silicates to High Pressures
Processes involving melting have been of fundamental importance in the origin and evolution of the Earth and other terrestrial planets, but thermodynamic data and physical properties of liquids necessary to calculate phase relationships are not well known, particularly at high pressures. We present revised fusion curv…
General theory of the coercive force due to domain wall pinning
Due to the nonlinear nature of the relevant mathematical equations, previous solutions to the geometrically simple problem of pinning of a 180° ferromagnetic domain wall by a single planar defect in an infinite medium contain the approximation of small deviations in the nature of the defect material relative to the ho…
Compositional changes adjacent to grain boundaries during electrical degradation of a ZnO varistor
Compositional changes adjacent to grain boundaries in heavily degraded samples of a ZnO varistor containing the additives Bi and Co have been observed with the scanning transmission electron microscope. A marked asymmetry in the distribution of Bi and Co with respect to the physical location of the boundary is found,…
Organofluorosilicates in organic synthesis. 14. Carbon-carbon bond formation promoted by palladium salts
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganofluorosilicates in organic synthesis. 14. Carbon-carbon bond formation promoted by palladium saltsJunichi Yoshida, Kohei Tamao, Hiraku Yamamoto, Toshio Kakui, Toshio Uchida, and Makoto KumadaCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 3, 542–549Publication Date (Print):March 1…
Carbon-13 NMR and order in cellulose
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 NMR and order in celluloseGary E. Maciel, Waclaw L. Kolodziejski, Maria S. Bertran, and Bruce E. DaleCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 2, 686–687Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982http…
Formation of Scales of Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs: The Influence of Magnesium Ion and Inhibitors
Summary The crystallization of calcium carbonate on calcite and aragonite at 70 deg. C has been investigated by use of a highly reproducible seeded growth technique. In both cases the rates of reaction are proportional to the square of the relative supersaturations and are surface controlled. The presence of low level…
Bis(trialkylsilyl) chalcogenides. 1. Preparation and reduction of group VIA oxides
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(trialkylsilyl) chalcogenides. 1. Preparation and reduction of group VIA oxidesMichael R. Detty and Mark D. SeidlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 7, 1354–1356Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March…
Magnetostriction and magnetic anisotropy of field annealed Metglas* 2605 alloys via dc M-H loop measurements under stress
Amorphous metallic ribbons annealed in transverse fields have enormous magnetoelastic coupling. An integrating magnetometer was used to measure magnetization M as a function of applied field H and tensile stress T in such ribbons, from which is determined the magnetostriction λs. A simple phenomenological model of mom…
Measurement of Stress Due to Thermal Expansion Anisotropy in Al 2 O 3
The stress due to thermal expansion anisotropy in polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 was measured. The broadening of spectroscopic R lines (692 and 693 nm, due to Cr 3+ impurities) was used to measure the stresses (at 77 K) in samples with grain sizes of 50 to 150 μm that had been cooled, from 2150 K, at constant rates from 0.1…
Concepts of Trapping Topologically by Shell Molecules
Concepts of the synthesis of shell topological compounds, which consist of a guest molecule (or molecules) trapped by a host molecule with a spacial, egg shell-like structure are discussed. Generally, both constructing the shell molecule in the presence of a guest molecule and constructing the guest molecule in the pr…
Lymphocyte locomotion and attachment on two-dimensional surfaces and in three-dimensional matrices
The adhesion and locomotion of mouse peripheral lymph node lymphocytes on 2-D protein- coated substrata and in 3-D matrices were compared. Lymphocytes did not adhere to, or migrate on, 2-D substrata suck as serum- or fibronectin-coated glass. They did attach to and migrate in hydrated 3-D collagen lattices. When the c…
Metalloid porphyrins and phthalocyanines
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalloid porphyrins and phthalocyaninesPhillip Sayer, Martin Gouterman, and Charles R. ConnellCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 3, 73–79Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/…
Crystallinity in perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers and related polymers
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallinity in perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers and related polymersHoward W. Starkweather Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 2, 320–323Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org…
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part V. Selecting Polymers for Thermoplastic Vulcanizates
Abstract Based on a few characteristics of the pure rubber and plastic components, rubber-plastic combinations can be selected, with a high probability of success, to give thermoplastic vulcanizates (by dynamic vulcanization) of good mechanical integrity and elastic recovery. The characteristics used in the selection…
A reassessment of podzol formation processes
Summary Translocated (oxalate‐soluble) Al and Fe are present predominantly in inorganic forms in the B 2 horizons of the five pcdzol profiles examined: A1 as imogolite and proto‐imogolite allophanes, and Fe as a separate oxide phase. Below the top few cm of the B 2 horizon, over 75 per cent of the extractable (acid‐pl…
Crystalline forms in a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene (52/48 mol %)
The structure of 52/48 mol % copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene has been investigated at various temperatures by X-ray diffraction. Melt-solidified samples consist of a mixture of two disordered crystalline phases, one trans-planar, the other 3/1-helical. Samples may be transformed to either phase…
Structural Reliability:A Processing‐Dependent Phenomenon
The principal sources of fracture in ceramic polycrystals have been identified; they include surface cracks produced during surface finishing and voids, inclusions, or large grains generated during processing. The dominance of a specific fracture source depends on the microstructure, test temperature, and stress distr…
Electrical and optical properties of tin oxide films doped with F and (Sb+F)
This paper presents the structural, electrical, and optical properties of F- and (Sb+F)-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Resistivity as low as 5.5×10−4 Ω cm with high optical transmission (≳80%) and high infrared reflection (∼90%) have been obtained in F-doped tin oxide films. The figure of…
Determination of branching distributions in polyethylene and ethylene copolymers
Abstract A description is given of an analytical temperature‐rising elution fractionation (TREF) system for the purpose of determining short‐chain branching (SCB) or copolymer distributions in poly‐ethylenes and ethylene copolymers. The system achieves fractionation on the basis of crystallizability and is shown to be…