Materials Literature
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The 90° domain switching in single crystalline BaTiO3 under an external static electric field has been investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy using a special homemade transmission electron microscope stage. With the initial domains gradually disappearing, new domains that are 90° away from the initia…
The authors have found that the directionality of the orbital populated following core-level x-ray absorption of a hexagonal nanostructure has a strong influence on the resulting optical luminescence yield spectra. For ZnO, there is an enhancement of the band gap exciton luminescence following O 1s to 2pz relative to…
Thermoelastic martensitic transformation from a face-centered-cubic austenite phase to tetragonal martensite phase has been established in a new ternary ferromagnetic alloy system Ni–Fe–Al (“prepared” in different states of site disorder) based on the results of a detailed neutron diffraction, electrical resistivity,…
A general route to patterning crystal growth is described. Structured polymer templates are employed as substrates on which to support crystal growth, resulting in translation of the polymer-film pattern into the crystal nucleation face (see figure). Continued crystal growth results in the formation of polymer–inorgan…
A comprehensive study of the mechanisms of heating and cooling originated by an electrical current in semiconductor devices is reported. The authors studied the Peltier, Joule, and Thomson phenomena self-consistently and found that the magnitudes of all of them were commensurable. A new formulation and interpretation…
Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) has been used to study isolated carbon nanotubes for the first time. STXM and transmission electron microscopy were applied to the same type of nanotubes, providing unique information about their composition, and electronic and structural properties. The carbon 1s near-edg…
Efficient blue electroluminescence peak at around 440nm with a maximum output power density of 34mW∕cm2 was obtained from Ce and Gd coimplanted metal-oxide-semiconductor light emitting devices. Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Ce3+ ions was observed during the excitation process, leading to a more than threefold increase…
Abstract Summary: The synthesis of PEDOT nanoparticles and vesicles by dispersion polymerization in a methanol/water mixture (3/2, v/v) is reported, using either ammonium persulfate or iron(III) p ‐toluenesulfonate as oxidants and α ‐EDOT‐PEO as a reactive stabilizer. The influence of the oxidant as well as the α ‐EDO…
The authors describe efficient patterning of transparent, conductive single-walled carbon nanotube thin films by photolithography and e-beam lithography followed by reactive ion etching, and study the transport characteristics of the films patterned down to 200nm lateral dimensions. The resistivity of the films is ind…
Sr 1 − x La x Cu O 2 − δ (x=0.10–0.20) thin films exhibiting an oxygen-deficient 22ap×22ap×c structure (ap and c represent the cell parameters of the perovskite subcell) were epitaxially grown by means of pulsed laser deposition in low-pressure oxygen ambient. (001) KTaO3 and (001) SrTiO3 single crystals were used as…
We analyze the depletion potential between large spheres in a multicomponent mixture of dense small spheres (up to seven components) using the integral equation theory (IET), in which semiempirical bridge functions are incorporated, and the insertion approach within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). Th…
Dye-sensitized solar cells are at present based on a nanostructured interpenetrating network of dye and semiconductor, which overcomes the prerequisite of a long exciton diffusion length; however, this also hampers charge-carrier transport. This work demonstrates that efficient light-induced charge separation is not n…
Abstract Summary: Cellulose was dissolved rapidly in 9.5 wt.‐% NaOH and 4.5 wt.‐% thiourea aqueous solution pre‐cooled to −5 °C to prepare a transparent solution. Novel cellulose multi‐filament fibers were spun successfully, for the first time, from the cellulose dope on an extended laboratory scale. The results from…
Electrically controllable blueshift of the reflection band in a planar cholesteric reactive mesogen cell is observed. The responsible mechanism is electric-field-induced Helfrich deformation [J. Chem. Phys. 55, 839 (1971)]. The modified director configuration can be solidified by photopolymerizing the reactive mesogen…
Abstract Summary: This paper deals with the dynamic mechanical study of sisal/oil palm hybrid fiber reinforced natural rubber composites (at frequency 1 Hz) with reference to the role of silane coupling agents. Composites were prepared using sisal and oil palm fibers subjected to chemical modifications with different…
The authors report the observation of both acceptor- and donorlike defects in ZnO by deep level transient spectroscopy. The observation is facilitated by using a p-n junction allowing the injection of holes and electrons. The junction is realized by implanting a n-conducting ZnO wafer grown by pressurized melt growth…
Abstract Using a real space implementation of the self‐consistent field theory, we calculated the morphology and interactions of spherical nanoparticles with radius R p that are grafted by polymer chains of N monomers immersed in a chemically identical polymer melt of polymerization index P . The calculation shows tha…
Moisture-resistant ZnO transparent conductive films were formed with Ga heavy doping by off-axis-type rf magnetron sputtering. The resistivity of 12.4wt% Ga-doped ZnO is 1.3×10−3Ωcm and changes by less than 3% over a 2000h reliability test at a temperature of 85°C and a humidity of 85%. The crystal structural analysis…
A short-period (BaTiO3)6∕(SrTiO3)5 superlattice was characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The superlattice is epitaxially oriented with the c axes of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 normal to the (001) surface of the SrTiO3 substrate. Despite the large in-plane lattice mismatch between BaTiO3 and…
Insulating BiFeO3 ceramics of single perovskite phase were prepared by rapid sintering using sol-gel derived fine powders. The ceramics are dense and consist of grains of 2–6μm in diameter. Their leakage current density remains lower than 3.02×10−4A∕cm2 under the poling field below 119kV∕cm. The main conduction mechan…