Materials Literature
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The electrocaloric response of a ferroelectric capacitor to a periodic electric field has been analyzed in terms of the nonstationary heat conduction equation. A linear physical model is considered for an electrocaloric element in which one end (x = 0) is thermally insulated and a constant temperature T 0 is maintaine…
Mixing of two incompatible waters in water injection projects is usually associated with mineral scale formation and deposition in porous media. Deposition process dramatically affects the performance of water injection scenarios by reduction of porosity and mainly permeability of the rock. In this study, a series of…
We investigated the magnetic and structural properties of the ferromagnetic pyroxene ${\text{NaCrGe}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{6}$ by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry and powder neutron diffraction. This material is the only ferromagnetic member of the recently reported multiferroic pyroxene family $AM{\…
ABSTRACT With the U.S. fuel ethanol industry projected to grow during the next several years, supplies of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are anticipated to continue to grow as well. DDGS is used primarily as livestock feed. Much of the DDGS must be shipped, often over large distances, outside the Corn Be…
It is established that GaAs-based semiconductor heterostructures containing a single layer delta-doped with manganese, obtained by combining the methods of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in a hydride system and laser ablation of solid targets in a common technological cycle, possess ferromagnetic prope…
The narrower the width of the graphene, the higher the impact of the atomic edge structure on its electronic properties. Here, we have performed computer simulations for the mechanical tearing of graphene to form a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) and identified the atomic edge structures. The simulations clearly show that s…
Three ${\text{Fe}}^{3+}$ centers with tetragonal symmetry and with the defect axis parallel to the polarization direction were detected in ferroelectric ${\text{PbTiO}}_{3}$ crystals using electron paramagnetic resonance. All exhibit large zero-field splittings (ZFS). Two are assigned to ${\text{Fe}}^{3+}$-oxygen vaca…
In order to verify the integrity of the first wall (FW) of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) the fabricated Be/Cu mock-ups were tested at the TSEFEY, e-beam facility, in Efremov, Russia. The Be/Cu mock-ups were joined with CuCrZr for a heat sink material among the Cu alloys and 316L austeniti…
Effects of nano-filler size, the degree of dispersion and coupling agents on tree breakdown time were investigated on epoxy/silica nanocomposites. As a result, it was found that tree breakdown time is prolonged, as the size of fillers size decreases, the degree of filler dispersion increases and coupling agents are ad…
A major challenge encountered in using electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering is the non-uniform cellular distribution in the scaffold with increasing depth under normal passive seeding conditions. Because of the small surface pores, typically few microns in diameter, cells tend to congregate and proliferate on…
The influence of relative air humidity on the surface charge decay on epoxy resin insulators initially charged by DC corona and on their surface resistivity is investigated at room temperature. It has been observed, that surface resistivity of the epoxy resin insulators decreases significantly at higher relative humid…
The thermal, bulk and compression properties of two types of kapok/down blended wadding made by our patent technology were investigated in this paper. By studying the relationship between the wadding properties and the content of specific combinations of kapok, divergent down and down fibrils, it was concluded that th…
The application of an oppositely charged dual polymer system is a promising approach to enhance paper strength. In this work, modified chitosan (MCN), a cationic polymer, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), an anionic polymer, were used sequentially to improve paper strength. The adsorption of MCN on cellulose fibers w…
A compliant two-fingered microgripper was designed, fabricated, and demonstrated. To accommodate objects of various sizes and weights, the gripper is distributively actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires so that high gripping range to gripper length ratio and mechanical advantage are achieved. A SMA actuated gripp…
A well-known fact of the existence and accumulation of space charge within the insulating material poses threat to the reliability in the operation of DC power cables. When power cables are loaded under high voltage direct current (HVDC), temperature gradient is developed across the insulation. Results of space charge…
Open-celled solid-state foams are expected to have many applications, such as filtration, biochemical sensing, and tissue engineering scaffolding. For bio-related applications, the solid-state foaming process has a unique advantage, i.e., the process does not involve any organic solvent that could leave residues harmf…
In this paper, the effect of sonication on the UV disinfection kinetics of primary effluents was investigated. Wastewater samples were collected from local municipal treatment plants and were sonicated with a 20-kHz ultrasound reactor at constant power but varying sonication times. Sonicated samples were irradiated us…
In laboratory, pilot, and Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) monitoring studies of copper solubility, cupric hydroxide or a highly microcrystalline tenorite appears to be the dominant solid phase, supporting the theoretical cupric hydroxide copper solubility model. This model predicts that as pipe ages, tenorite or malachite…
The behavior of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells cultured on electrospun collagen fibers of three different sizes (50-200 nm, 200-500 nm, and 500-1000 nm in diameter) were investigated. The growth of MG63 cells on all three electrospun collagen fibers are the same and about 70% higher than those cultured on monomeric…
We show that the simplest possible circuit model of high-frequency electrical conduction in carbon nanofibers from 0.1 to 50 GHz is a frequency-independent resistor in parallel with a frequency-independent capacitor. The resistance is experimentally determined and represents the total dc resistance of the nanofiber an…