Materials Literature
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Process tolerances for critical dimensions are becoming increasingly severe as lithographic technology drives the minimum integrated-circuit feature size toward 0.1 micrometers and below. In response, Optical Critical Dimension metrology (OCD), an optical-wavelength light-diffraction technique, is currently undergoing…
Diamond is considered a tissue-equivalent material since its atomic number (Z =6) is close to the effective atomic number of biological tissue (Z =7.42). Such a situation makes it suitable for radiation detection purposes in medical applications. In the present work the analysis is reported of the thermoluminescence (…
Abstract We see the current generation of area detector diffractometers as the heralds of a crystallographic revival, launching the renewal and revitalisation of the subject. Coupling these machines to appropriate software will enable chemists to undertake some of their own analyses, releasing structure analysts and c…
Article X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis in Manchester: from W L Bragg to the Present Day was published on July 1, 2002 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 217, issue 7-8).
Mixtures of sulphate-resistant Portland cement, Ca(OH) 2 and silica fume were moist cured at 55°C for approximately twelve months and subsequently reacted with 0·5 M MgSO 4 solution at 85°C for six months. Marker experiments in conjunction with electron microprobe analyses were used to elucidate reaction mechanisms. T…
The continuing reduction of IC device dimensions puts stringent demands on the corresponding overlay performance. As part of the total overlay budget, the effects of the different process parameters need to be characterized and well understood. In a joint development program between IMEC and ASML, the robustness of di…
Far-infrared, mid-infrared, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize iodine-doped poly(isothianaphthene) (PITN) films and powders. The far-infrared and mid-infrared results show changes from absorption mode to reflective mode as the doping level increases, consistent with the iodine-doped PITN becoming more me…
The ultraviolet (UV) radiation response of the CaSO4:Dy pellets produced at IPEN/SP was studied using phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL). The PTTL characteristics of three different types of CaSO4:Dy pellets were investigated. The main parameters studied were: thermal treatments, post UV exposure storage time,…
Metal-free- and metallophthalocyanines ( M = Ni , Zn and Co ) carrying four di-n-hexylamino and four chloro groups in peripheral positions have been synthesized from the corresponding dichlorophthalonitrile derivative in the presence of the anhydrous metal salts [ NiCl 2 , Zn ( O 2 CMe ) 2 , CoCl 2 ] or a strong organ…
The temperature and angular dependences of 2 H NMR spectra were measured for single crystal of [Mg(H 2 O) 6 ][SiF 6 ]. At 283 K, (e 2 Qq/h,η) of 2 H, averaged by fast 180° flip of water molecules, were obtained as (128 kHz, 0.72), (123 kHz, 0.82) and (106 kHz, 0.80), corresponding to three unequal water molecules in […
The preservation of physical properties and aesthetics are two important aspects of the film industry. As such, forethought and care need to be taken in terms of the type of polymer and stabilization systems that are used to derive robust and attractive film products. For most applications, a combination of a phenolic…
Eu2O3 in divided groups in pores in a mesoporous Al2O3 (amorphous) has a confined growth in nanocrystals (average, 30 nm diameter) in a new polymorph of R3c hexagonal crystal structure with lattice parameters a = 0.5468 nm and c = 1.6950 nm. This occurs on reacting dispersed Eu3+ cations (in water) with a mesoporous A…
Abstract Graft copolymerization of an oligomeric vinyl phosphonate (FYR) and/or N ‐methylolacrylamide was made onto cotton fabrics by a pad‐dry‐steam method. The limiting oxygen indices (LOI) of the treated samples confirmed the P–N synergism. Simultaneous TG/DTA measurements indicated that an exothermic peak appeared…
Liz Turner, M.P.A; Monterrey Workshop Summary: Evaluating the Usefulness of Elemental Iron Powders, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 60, Issue suppl_7, 1 July 2002, Pa
Rubber blends containing nitrile rubber (NBR) and ground ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer waste (EVAW) from the footwear industry have been prepared over a wide range of composition (up to 90 phr of waste component). The ground EVAW had particle size in the range of 100-350 mm and a gel content of 60±5%. The effect of…
Works has been done on the application of specially treated and thermally modified phosphogypsum [1-4] (by-product gypsum from phosphoric acid industry) by a method developed in Poland as filler for low-density polyethylene and polypropylene compositions. Filling of polyolefins with phosphogypsum is intended to enhanc…
High resolution emission spectra of several TL materials, that are commonly used in dosimetry, were measured using a low cost fibre optic spectrometer containing a 2048 pixel CCD array. The spectra were taken from 177 to 890 nm with a wavelength resolution of 1.3 nm. This allowed for line width discrimination and the…
Two integrated electro-optic switches based on smectic C * ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) planar waveguides oriented in the bookshelf geometry have been designed and realized. In order to test the first switch, a particular waveguide structure consisting of a three-stage device, having a thin FLC film middle stage…
The technique developed by Arons (1948) for determining the parameters that characterise the adiabatic model of underwater explosion bubble contents is revised to account for the effect of non-spherical collapse. Additional modifications are made to enhance accuracy. The parameters predicted are similar to those given…
Bulk In2O3–Sc2O3 alloys were synthesized in a cubic phase (space group Ia3) with Sc2O3 content varying between 0 and 30 wt %. The lattice parameters of these alloys showed a linear dependence on the composition. Films were deposited on glass substrates at a temperature of 250 °C in an oxygen pressure of 10 mTorr using…