Materials Literature
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A survey of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled poly(aniline) (PANI)-based electrochromic films is presented. PANI was LBL assembled with a wide variety of counterpolymers by both electrostatic and hydrogen bonding complexation forces. Post-assembly analysis included electrochemical and optical evaluation such as cyclic vo…
Abstract Summary: Water‐processable conducting polyaniline derivatives (PANIs), such as polyaniline (PANI), poly( o ‐methylaniline) and poly( o ‐methoxyaniline), were synthesized by in situ chemical polymerization of the corresponding achiral monomer in the presence of the novel chiral polymeric template, chondroitin…
In this overview chapter we introduce the subject of chromogenic phenomena in polymers and briefly review some of the recent advances in the field. Many external stimuli-responsive phenomena in polymers, including electrochromism, photochromism, photoelectrochromism, and piezochromism are discussed. Relatively new app…
Hollow and solid whiskers are formed during the solvent exchange from the dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide solvates of dexamethasone acetate to the sesquihydrate by immersion of the initial phase in water. Detailed investigations using mainly optical and scanning electron microscopies lead us to propose a growt…
The hexadentate, and ditopic ligand 2,5-bis([2,2']bipyridin-6-yl)pyrazine yields a chiral, tetrameric, square-shaped, self-assembled species upon complexation with Fe2+ ions. The racemate of this complex was resolved with antimonyl tatrate as the chiral auxiliary. The purity of the enantiomer was determined by NMR spe…
Poly(phenyl methacrylate) (PPhMA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly( tert -butyl methacrylate), polystyrene (PS), poly(4-methylstyrene), poly(p- tert -butylstyrene), and polycarbonate (PC) were doped with the photochromic dye cis- 1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)ethene (CMTE) using a simple vacuum…
Phase transformation of mesoporous silica during the drying process is investigated. As-synthesized hexagonal p6mm obtained under the conditions used in this study is transformed to cubic Ia3d as drying proceeds, even at room temperature. Prolonged synthesis results in the formation of a well-ordered hexagonal mesopha…
The chromicity of poly(aryleneethynylene)s (PAE) is discussed and described in this contribution. Four different types of PAEs will be scrutinized a) dialkyl-poly( para -phenyleneethynylene)s (dialkyl-PPEs), b) dialkoxy-PPEs, c) acceptor substituted PPEs, and d) heteroaryleneethynylenes that contain benzothiadiazole u…
Abstract The ultrasonic degradation of poly(bisphenol A carbonate), poly(ε‐caprolactone), and poly(vinyl acetate) was investigated with various solvents such as benzene, monochlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene. The time evolution of molecular weight was determined using gel permeation chromatography. A limiting molecul…
Chaotic orientational dynamics of sheared nematic polymers is documented in laboratory experiments and predicted by Doi-Hess kinetic theory for infinitely thin rods. We address robustness of rheochaos when simple shear is modified by a planar straining flow, and the macromolecules have finite aspect ratio. We predict…
Molecular dynamics simulations of three kinds of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) single-chain models with precisely controlled branching are performed. It is shown that the crystallinity of copolymers with branches shorter than C 10 H 21 decreases with increasing branch length, whereas for copolymers having br…
The Cu2GeTe3 compound crystallizes in the Imm2 (N° 44) space group, Z = 2, with a = 12.641(1) Å, b = 4.2115(2) Å, c = 5.9261(2) Å, V = 315.49(3) Å3. Its structure was refined from X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The refinement of 23 instrumental and structural variables led to Rp = 8.2%, Rwp =…
The reaction of a dipyrromethanedicarbinol with 2,2'-bipyrrole leading to meso-substituted [34]octaphyrin(1.1.1.0.1.1.1.0) and/or corrole was investigated to determine the effect of key reaction parameters on the distribution of the two macrocycles. Solvent, acid catalyst, acid quantity, oxidant, oxidant quantity, and…
Abstract In this article we review the complexation behavior of charged polymers adsorbed onto charged substrates. In the first part we summarize the results obtained on the adsorption properties of a single polyelectrolyte chain with one or several oppositely charged spherical colloids. The results of various simulat…
Surfaces whose reflectivity can be thermally controlled were formed on single crystals of silicon by using ion beams to create a nanocomposite layer consisting of VO2 precipitates embedded in a thin-film matrix of amorphous SiO2. The surface nanocomposite layer was produced by first thermally oxidizing a Si crystal to…
The reaction of elemental gold and selenic acid in Teflon-lined steel autoclaves leads to orange-yellow single crystals of Au2(SeO3)2(SeO4) (orthorhombic, Z = 4, Cmc2(1) (No. 36), a = 1689.1(3) pm, b = 630.13(8) pm, c = 832.7(1) pm, V = 886.2(2) angstroms3, Rall = 0.0452). In the crystal structure, Au3+ is surrounded…
Abstract Three new copper( II ) complexes of formula [Cu(2,2′‐bpy)(Phmal)(H 2 O)]·2H 2 O ( 1 ), [{Cu(2,2′‐bpym)(Phmal)}] n ( 2 ) and [{Cu(phen)(Phmal)}] n ·3 n H 2 O ( 3 ) (Phmal = phenylmalonate; 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine; 2,2′‐bpym = 2,2′‐bipyrimidine; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) have been prepared and their struct…
A novel graft copolymer was synthesized via graft copolymerization of an inimer, 2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl acrylate (BIEA), with ozone-pretreated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) (the PVDF- g -PBIEA copolymer). Porous membranes could be fabricated from the copolymer solution by phase inversion. The BIEA polymer (P…
Effects of the chemical environment on devices utilizing organic semiconductors are discussed. It is convenient and justified to use silicon-based insulated gate field-effect transistors (IGFET) as the yardstick by which the performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFET) are measured. However, the same issues…
Nucleation of vanillin (VAN) in 2-propanol/water in the presence of additives, viz., acetovanillone (AVA), ethyl vanillin (EVA), guaiacol (GUA), guaethol (GUE), 4-hydroxyacetophenone (HAP), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA), and vanillic acid (VAC) is investigated experimentally and by molecular simulations. In the experime…