Materials Literature
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Abstract One of the challenges in the operation of gas wells with co-produced water is downhole and surface facility scale deposition. Scale deposition problems such as reduced tubing size are more likely when the produced water is very saline, and the pressure/temperatures changes are large. In addition to the common…
Abstract The key to a successful pipeline anti-corrosion program is an effective protective coating system comprised of proven, high-quality coating materials, consistently applied to exacting specifications. Mill applied fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) has been, and continues to be, the coating of choice for many pipeline…
Abstract The effect of temperature, chloride concentration, nature of anions and cations as well as corrosion inhibitors (quats) on the pit initiation during the first 2 h of CO2 corrosion of pure iron and low alloy steel was studied at 5 bar CO2 in a window autoclave with video microscopic control. Above 45 °C pit in…
Abstract Evidence from laboratory experiments and field observations on near-neutral pH SCC of pipeline steel is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the effects of environmental parameters, such as potential, pH and HCO3−/CO32− concentration, on the SCC mechanism. The results are interpreted in terms of either a dissoluti…
Abstract CO2 corrosion rates are strongly influenced by many mechanical and environmental factors, like: flow velocity, temperature, gas-liquid ratio, oil-water ratio, CO2 partial pressure, and the chemical composition of the producing water. Under specific conditions, a corrosion product, iron carbonate (FeCO3), can…
Abstract Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in CO2 environments by sulfur-containing compounds was studied using various laboratory performance test methods, inhibitor residual analysis techniques and a surface imaging technique. Corrosion rate-time/concentration profiles were obtained for several commercially availab…
Abstract Initiation of transgranular stress corrosion cracking in linepipe steels was studied in near-neutral pH environment. The effects of surface condition, composition, inclusions, pre-existing defects, mechanical factors, and hydrogen production at the surface were studied. In addition, the effects of spacing bet…
Abstract This review describes the behaviour of the 90-10 and 70-30 copper-nickel alloys, which were developed for and have been used extensively in seawater applications for over half a century. It provides an assessment of the corrosion resisting characteristics and also the inherent biofouling resistance of the all…
Abstract The traditional Corrosion Inhibitor Efficiency Model has been reviewed and shown to have some failings particularly with respect to the design of new facilities. The problem of considering a single, deterministic corrosion rate has been discussed and the distribution of corrosion rates about a mean (or modal)…
Abstract The effects of steel microstructure and composition on the inhibition of CO2 corrosion were studied at 25 °C, pH 5, 1 bar CO2 in 3 % NaCl solutions. Generic inhibitor compounds cocoalkyl-dimethyl-benzyl ammonium chloride (QUAT) and sodium thiosulfate (THIO) were used. Sixteen different carbon steels were test…
Several recombinant Escherichia coli strains, including XL1-Blue, JM109, HB101, and DH5alpha harboring a stable high-copynumber plasmid pSYL105 containing the Alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes were constructed. These recombinant strains were examined for their ability to synthesize an…
Porcine intestinal collagen (ICL), derived from processed small intestine, is used as a part of a remodelable bilaminate biosynthetic vascular prosthesis. The process for the production of ICL involves mechanical cleaning of non-crosslinked porcine intestine (NC-ICL), disinfection with peracetic acid (PA-ICL), and cro…
Abstract Imidazoline and its precursor, amide, are very effective inhibitor intermediates and are widely used in formulating the corrosion products for application in the oil and gas industries. Their high temperature corrosion inhibition performance was evaluated and compared. Our results show that imidazoline and am…
Regulatory roles of nicotinamide nucleotides and three key enzymes, beta-ketothiolase (KT), NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (AAR), and citrate synthase (CS), on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthesis in recombinant Escherichia coli harboring a plasmid containing the Alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoat…
Abstract This paper addresses pipeline conditions leading to a protective corrosion product scale. The special case of Top-Of-Line (TOL) corrosion will be considered in detail. Methods for TOL corrosion rate prediction are discussed and compared with new and old experimental data. Data best agree with the so-called ir…
Abstract A comparison is made of the characteristics of the two forms of stress corrosion cracking in pipelines, i.e. the commoner form involving intergranular cracking due to the presence of a relatively concentrated carbonate-bicarbonate solution, against the transgranular cracking that is engendered by a dilute, lo…
Elevated hydrostatic pressure has been used to increase catalytic activity and thermal stability of alpha-chymotrypsin (CT). For an anilide substrate, characterized by a negative value of the reaction activation volume (DeltaV( not equal)), an increase in pressure at 20 degrees C results in an exponential acceleration…
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (HAs) synthesized by numerous bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. More than 80 HAs have been detected as constituents of PHAs, which allows these thermoplastic materials to…
Small-angle neutron scattering has been used to determine the rate constants for transesterification reactions between hydrogenous and deuterated poly(ethylene terephthalate)s. Intimate mixtures of the two polymers at a weight fraction composition of 0.5 were pressed into plaques and heated for a range of times at tem…
A complete set of 13 C kinetic isotope effects were determined for the thermal decarboxylation of 1,3-dimethylorotic acid and compared with theoretically predicted isotope effects for decarboxylation via either O-2 or O-4 protonated pathways. The best correspondence of experimental and calculated isotope effects is fo…