Materials Literature
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We present a quantum-kinetic scheme for the calculation of non-equilibrium transport properties in nanoscale systems. The approach is based on a Liouville-master equation for a reduced density operator and represents a generalization of the well-known Boltzmann kinetic equation. The system, subject to an external elec…
Energy exchanges between orderly intertube axial motion and vibrational modes are studied for isolated systems of two coaxial carbon nanotubes at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 500 K. It is found that the excess intertube van der Waals energy, depleted from the intertube axial motion, is primarily stored in low-fr…
Bright particles: The optical properties of luminescent nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) can be exploited only if they are have an appropriate surface derivatization. A straightforward method is presented to encapsulate single QDs with a homogeneous silica shell, while retaining their high luminescence (see picture).
We report correlated-electron calculations of optically excited states in ten semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with a wide range of diameters. Optical excitation occurs to excitons whose binding energies decrease with increasing nanotube diameter, and are smaller than the binding energy of an isolated str…
We reformulate the interpretation of the mean-field glass transition scenario for finite dimensional systems, proposed by Kirkpatrick, Thirumalai, and Wolynes (KTW). This allows us to establish clearly a temperature dependent length xi( *) above which the mean-field glass transition picture has to be modified. We argu…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide and GlycolideOdile Dechy-Cabaret, Blanca Martin-Vaca, and Didier BourissouView Author Information Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée du CNRS (UMR 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062…
One of the key challenges in the thermal management of electronic packages are interfaces such as those between the chip and heat spreader and the interface between a heat spreader and heat sink or cold plate. Typically, thermal interfaces are filled with materials such as thermal adhesives and greases. Interface mate…
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A hollow-cathode microplasma modified the lumenal surface of small-diameter polyethylene (PE) tubing. A microwave cavity diagnostic was used to measure the density of the microplasma. Plasma light output was observed with a monochromator at various positions along the PE tube to assess uniformity. Treatment effectiven…
The effect of crystalline defects on the formation of ferroelectric domains in triglycine sulfate (TGS) crystals has been investigated using a dynamic contact electrostatic force microscopy. This detection method, based on the Coulomb interaction between the charge on the tip and the surface charge on the sample, yiel…
This paper reports the experimental results on the contact resistance of curable polymer gel thermal interface materials (TIM's) that have different mechanical properties due to difference in the rheology of the polymers. A semi-analytical model for the prediction of the thermal contact resistance of cured gel TIM's i…
Abstract Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the graft of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto linear polyethylene (PE‐g‐MAH) initiated by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Simulation results revealed that major MAH monomers attached onto PE chains as branched graft at higher MAH content. However, at extremely low MAH content, the…
The size-dependent deformation potentials of CdSe quantum dots are studied by first-principle and semiempirical pseudopotential calculations. We find that the amplitude of the quantum dot deformation potential is only slightly larger than the bulk value, and this increase is mostly caused by the off-Γ point deformatio…
It has been well established that thermal management of electronic equipment is critical for the continued success of the microelectronics industry. Portable electronic devices, such as notebook computers and cellular telephones, require that the thermal solution be small, light, and energy efficient. Small-scale ther…
Total energy calculations based on first principles reveal that a (5,3) gold nanotube has a helical pitch of 10.05nm or a natural length of 20.1Å per unit cell at the minimum total energy. The figure is about 9.5% shorter than the experimental pitch of 11nm under stress from the experimental setup. Energy bands for bo…
The evolution with temperature of the Raman activity in the (1−x)Pb(Fe2∕3W1∕3)O3-xPbTiO3 solid solution with various compositions x∊(0,1) was investigated. By increasing x, a general evolution of the system from disordered relaxor to ordered ferroelectric state with typical lines also observed in other Pb-based relaxo…
We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) bulk silicon microcooler, which has the advantages of high cooling power densities and is less dependent on thermoelectric element’s thickness as compared with the same device with one-dimensional (1D) geometry. We measured a maximum cooling of 1.2°C for a 40×40μm2 area bulk sil…
Using Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire theory and tetragonal BaTiO3 as an example, this letter demonstrates that strong electric bias fields applied antiparallel to spontaneous polarization may lead to a large enhancement of piezoelectric properties in monodomain perovskite crystals with multiple phase transitions. At tempe…
We present a detailed study of the growth of multiwall and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by chemical-vapor deposition using a thin-film triple metal (Al∕Fe∕Mo) catalyst. Using Nanoauger spectroscopy, a full map of the metals in the sample surface is constructed and their evolution followed at different deposit…
Dyes inserted into the parallel nanochannels of a fully organic crystal show efficient light conversion over a wide visible spectral region, with 100 % conversion from UV to blue light. The Figure shows crystals containing either two (bottom) or three (top) dyes under UV illumination, and a top view of the structure o…