Tensioactive properties of zwitterionic carboxybetaine amphiphiles
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Synthesis of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and 1‐fluorosulfonyl–difluoroacetylfluoride
Abstract Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) was copolymerized with 1‐fluorosulfonyl‐difluoroacetylfluoride (FSDFAF) in both the bulk and solution by using a free radical initiator at temperature 50°C. The presence of sulfonyl fluoride (SO 2 F) functional groups in the copolymers was proved by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The c…
Studies on modification of some flammability characteristics by plasma. II. Polyester fabric
Abstract Cold plasma treatment of polyester fabric in the presence of several volatile monomers containing expected flame retardant elements was made and some of the flammability characteristics of the plasma/monomer‐treated fabric were studied. The plasma treatment on the fabric caused a slight decrease in both oxyge…
Self‐vulcanizable rubber blend systems based on epoxidized natural rubber and chlorosulfonated polyethylene: Effect of blend composition, epoxy content of epoxidized natural rubber, and reinforcing black filler on physical properties
Abstract Mill mixed blend of epoxidized natural rubber and chlorosulfonated polyethylene forms a self‐vulcanizable rubber blend during molding at high temperatures in absence of any vulcanizing agent, which is confirmed by FTIR studies. The extent of vulcanization reaction not only depends upon time and temperature of…
IR and X‐ray diffraction studies of raw and chemically treated pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)
Abstract IR and X‐ray diffraction studies have been carried out on raw and chemically treated pineapple leaf fiber (PALF). The degree of crystallinity, as found by X‐ray diffraction and the crystallinity index as found by infrared methods, decreases on treatment with NaOH and NaClO 2 solutions. The decrease of crystal…
Models for the di-nitrogen centres found in brown diamond
No new experiments are reported in this paper: the paper comprises a re-interpretation of published EPR data of the various di-nitrogen centres in brown diamond, including the new ENDOR results of the authors' previous paper on the W7 centre (see ibid., vol.3, p.3591, 1991). The new evidence about W7 provided by these…
Structures and properties of injection moldings of crystallization nucleator‐added polypropylenes. II. Distribution of higher‐order structures
Abstract Flexural test specimens were injection‐molded from polypropylenes added with 0.5 wt % calcium carbonate, talc, p ‐ tert ‐dibutyl‐benzoic acid monohydroxy aluminum, or p‐ dimethyl‐benzylidene sorbitol under cylinder temperatures of 200–320°C. Distributions in the flow direction of higher‐order structures such…
Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline cubic boron nitride by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Polycrystalline boron nitride films have been deposited using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. IR absorption spectra of films deposited using NaBH4 as the boron source in NH3 and H2 gases showed absorptions which are nearly the same as the characteristic vibrational modes seen in cubic and pyrolyti…
Interactions in the system isotactic polypropylene–calcite
Abstract Interaction in the system isotactic polypropylene–calcite was investigated using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Calcite acts as a weak nucleation agent for polypropylene crystallization and its activity could be increased or decreased by a suitable surface treatment. Investigation of…
Particle size as it relates to the minimum film formation temperature of latices
Abstract The relationship between the particle sizes and minimum film formation temperature (MFT) of polymer colloids was studied. Early workers had developed theoretical models predicting small particle colloids should coalesce easier and have lower MFTs than those of large colloids. Early published work examining th…
Structures and properties of injection moldings of crystallization nucleator‐added polypropylenes. I. Structure–property relationships
Abstract Flexural test specimens were injection‐molded from polypropylenes added with 0.5 wt % of calcium carbonate, talc, p ‐ tert ‐ dibutyl‐benzoic acid monohydroxy aluminum, or p ‐di‐methyl‐benzylidene sorbitol under cylinder temperatures of 200–;320°C. Properties such as flexural modulus, flexural strength, heat d…
Algorithms for draping fabrics on doubly‐curved surfaces
Abstract Three algorithms for draping biaxially woven fabrics on arbitrarily curved surfaces are presented and compared for numerical accuracy and computational expense. The first one minimizes the elastic energy in each fabric cell, while the two others are based on placing a net of interlocked and inextensible fibre…
Epitaxial Cuprate Superconductor/Ferroelectric Heterostructures
Thin-film heterostructures of Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12)Bi(2)Sr(2)CuO(6+x), have been grown on single crystals of SrTiO(3), LaAlO(3), and MgAl(2)O(4) by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction studies show the presence of c-axis orientation only; Rutherford backscattering experiments show the composition to be close to the no…
Electrical Conduction in Chalcogenide Glasses. Applicability of the Meyer-Neldel Rule
The dependence of the pre-exponential factor (σ0) on the activation energy (ΔE) is investigated for SeTe, SeTeM, GeSe, and GeSeM glassy alloys where M is a metal. An approximate linear dependence of In σ0 on ΔE is observed in SeTe and SeTeM systems with good quantitative agreement between the expected and cal…
The Influence of Strain Rate on Stress Relaxation
The effect of strain rate on yield point and dislocation density evolution during compression, as well as on the rate and depth of relaxation after some preliminary deformation and on 7.5 MHz ultrasonic attenuation of NaCl crystals is studied. The existence is found of a critical strain rate, at which the applied and…
The length scale dependence of viscosity approaching the glass transition in glycerol
We measure the viscosity of glycerol by using photon correlation spectroscopy to observe the Brownian motion of small (∼100 nm) polystyrene spheres. By comparing the viscosity measured with different size spheres, we can measure the length scale dependence of the viscosity as the liquid is cooled towards the glass. In…
Anisotropic Optical Spectra of YAlO3(YAP) Single Crystals in the Vacuum Ultraviolet Region
Optical spectra of YAlO 3 (YAP) single crystals are measured for < a >, < b > and < c >// E in the region from 6.5 eV to 42 eV by use of a plane polarized synchrotron radiation, E being the electric field of light. Anisotropic spectral behaviour of the intrinsic absorption including the tail absorption is found, and a…
Satellite structure in the photoemission spectra of MnO(100)
The satellite structure in both core-level and valence-band photoemission spectra from single-crystal MnO(100) has been studied by using both x-ray photoemission spectra and resonant photoemission. Only very weak satellites are present in the Mn 2p core-level spectra, while no satellite structure is evident in the Mn…
Two-photon-absorption spectrum of poly(di-n-hexylsilane) films
Two-photon-absorption (TPA) spectra of poly(di-n-hexylsilane) (PDHS) films are obtained from 605 to 410 nm at 295 and 11 K, where the intensity is an order of magnitude higher. A strong TPA band is found above 5 eV and interpreted in terms of interacting \ensuremath{\sigma} electrons in a Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) mode…
Elastic scattering of electrons by free and bound zinc and cadmium atoms
Elastic differential and total cross sections are presented for electron scattering by zinc and cadmium using the optical model. The cross sections are determined for scattering by free atoms and by atoms bound in a solid. The phase shifts are obtained from solutions to the reduced radial wave equation based on an opt…