Materials Literature
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Molecular dynamics simulations of shear band development over 1000% strain in simple shear are used to test whether the local plastic strain rate is proportional to exp(-1/chi), where chi is a dimensionless quantity related to the "disorder temperature" or "free volume" that characterizes the structural state of the g…
We examine the stacking order of multilayer graphene grown on the SiC$(000\bar{1})$ surface using low-energy electron diffraction and surface X-ray diffraction. We show that the films contain a high density of rotational stacking faults caused by three types of rotated graphene: sheets rotated $30^\circ$ and $\pm 2.20…
Abstract Die meisten Menschen verbinden mit dem Begriff Flüssigkristalle sofort die Displays von Laptop‐Computern, Mobiltelefonen, Digitalkameras und anderen elektronischen Geräten. Im Unterschied zu ihren stäbchenförmigen (calamitischen) Verwandten, die erstmals 1907 von Vorländer beschrieben wurden, bieten aber die…
A protein loaded three-dimensional scaffold can be used for protein delivery and bone tissue regeneration. The main objective of this project was to develop recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)/hydroxylapatite (PLGA/HAp) composite fibrous scaffolds through a pr…
Abstract The innovation potential is high for bulk nanostructured materials (BNM) produced by methods of severe plastic deformation and accordingly this report focuses on very recent developments demonstrating the potential of using BNM for advanced and functional applications in engineering and medicine.
It was puzzling that cellulose could be dissolved rapidly in 4.6 wt % LiOH/15 wt % urea aqueous solution precooled to -12 degrees C, whereas it could not be dissolved in the same solvent without prior cooling. To clarify this important phenomenon, the structure and physical properties of LiOH and urea in water as well…
Mellow gold. Toxicogenomics of nanoparticles can expose subtle yet clinically relevant alterations in the intracellular environment that arise from downstream effects of nanoparticle accumulation inside cells. Genome-wide expression profiling by using DNA microarrays revealed that internalization of gold nanoparticles…
We have established a designed system comprising two peptides that coassemble to form long, thickened protein fibers in water. This system can be rationally engineered to alter fiber assembly, stability, and morphology. Here, we show that rational mutations to our original peptide designs lead to structures with a rem…
We describe the use of ternary, isothermal phase diagrams of co-crystal-forming systems as a basis for understanding current crystallization methodologies and for experimental design in the preparation of co-crystals.
The doping response of the prototypical transparent oxides NiO ($p$-type), ZnO ($n$-type), and MgO (insulating) is caused by spontaneous formation of compensating centers, leading to Fermi-level pinning at critical Fermi energies. We study the doping principles in these oxides by first-principles calculations of carri…
BACKGROUND: Quantum dots (QDs) are autofluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals that can be used for in vivo biomedical imaging. However, we know little about their in vivo disposition and health consequences. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the tissue disposition and pharmacokinetics of QD705 in mice. METHODS: We determined qu…
Biodegradable nanofibers have tremendous potential for tissue repair. However, the combined effects of nanofiber organization and immobilized bioactive factors on cell guidance are not well understood. In this study, we developed aligned and bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds by immobilizing extracellular matrix protein…
Special delivery: The hydrophobic anticancer drug camptothecin was incorporated into fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (see image) and delivered to various cancer cells to induce cell death. These results suggest a method to overcome the insolubility problem of many anticancer drugs, which is considered to b…
Most associate liquid crystals with their everyday use in laptop computers, mobile phones, digital cameras, and other electronic devices. However, in contrast to their rodlike (calamitic) counterparts, first described in 1907 by Vorländer, disklike (discotic, columnar) liquid crystals, which were discovered in 1977 by…
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A striking magnetization anisotropy in thin films of vanadium-doped stannic oxide is reported and investigated. The single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{V}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ $(0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.1)$ thin films, grown on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substr…
Titan (TiO2) was modified with photoreactive gelatin in order to regulate the attachment of cells. Photoreactive gelatin, which was synthesized by the coupling reaction of gelatin with N-(4-azidobenzoyloxy) succinimide, was immobilized onto the n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS)-TiO2 or TiO2 surface by ultraviolet irra…
Abstract The structure and properties of the polyelectrolyte complex composed of chitosan (CS) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) were studied in aqueous solutions using UV‐visible transmittance measurements, a fluorescence probe technique, and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal properties of the solid compl…
Abstract Three linear isoconversional methods (Friedman, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose) and the invariant kinetic parameters (IKP) method were used in order to examine the kinetics of the nonisothermal decomposition of a sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ). The objective of the paper is to show the usefulne…
The reaction of a quaternary ammonium salt of the tin chloride-substituted polyoxometalate, [PSn(Cl)W11O39]4-, with a variety of n-nucleophiles including primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and a tertiary phosphine, yielded tin-centered Lewis acid-base adducts, [PSn(Cl)W11O39]4--n-nucleophile; with more nucleophil…