Materials Literature
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A short history of the developments of the successive dichotomy method for powder pattern indexing is presented. In the first computer powder indexing programs (P1 and P2), only high lattice symmetries, down to orthorhombic, were considered [Louër and Louër, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 5, 271–275 (1972)]. Later on, an exten…
In this article two examples of hexatic phases have been presented to show that the highly ordered phases can be either the ferro- or antiferroelectric ones. Some of them display a well-developed helicoidal structure, very high spontaneous polarization and low conductivity in contrast to liquid-like phases in higher t…
Abstract The hemicellulose content of pulp is dependent on different factors, such as the wood species, the conditions with cooking and bleaching harmonised with the application. In addition to the hemicellulose content, a special interest for the valuation of pulp and the decision of arrangements of the production pr…
Chlorinated PVC (CPVC) is widely used for high temperature applications, e.g. hot water pipes. To improve processing, it is usually mixed with PVC. These systems are brittle, therefore impact modifiers are also added to CPVC formulations. The usual modifiers are MBS types. In spite of chemical similarity, chlorinated…
Abstract The addition of an inorganic component to polymers leads to improvements in various physical and mechanical properties. Various examples on filled elastomeric networks will show that a mechanical characterization can be nicely combined with a spectroscopic investigation for a better understanding of the prope…
Elevated temperature compressive deformation behaviour of TA15 titanium alloy was investigated at temperatures from 1023 to 1273 K and strain rates from 10−3 to 1 s−1. It was found that the flow stresses of the TA15 alloy dropped with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. The microstructure of…
Abstract Star‐shaped polybutadiene stars were synthesized by a convergent coupling of polybutadienyllithium with 4‐(chlorodimethylsilyl)styrene (CDMSS). CDMSS was added slowly and continuously to the living anionic chains until a stoichiometric equivalent was reached. Gel permeation chromatography‐multi‐angle laser li…
Abstract Gold colloidal particles were synthesized and modified by molecular self‐assembly. In addition, the reaction of biotinylated colloids with a tetrameric protein, avidin, was studied by optical absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The modification involves the chemisorption of octadecanethiol o…
Abstract The particle size distributions (PSDs) of metal oxide powders are often determined by analyzing suspensions of powders using laser diffraction (e.g. Malvern MasterSizer 2000). Particle agglomeration can effectively bias the resulting distribution towards “unrealistic” particle sizes. Solutions to avoid this p…
The Chinshan nuclear power plant (NPP) is a Mark-I boiling water reactor (BWR) NPP located in northern Taiwan. The Chinshan NPP severe accident management guidelines (SAMGs) were developed based on the BWR Owners Group Emergency Procedure Guidelines/Severe Accident Guidelines and were developed at the end of 2003. The…
Various piezoelectric polymers based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are of interest for large aperture space-based telescopes. Dimensional adjustments of adaptive polymer films depend on charge deposition and require a detailed understanding of the piezoelectric material responses which are expected to deteriorate…
BaTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 superlattices were grown on (001)MgO substrates by pulsed-laser-deposition technique. The thickness of each layer varied from 6 to 25 unit cells. Polarization-dependent Raman spectra confirmed tetragonal symmetry of the superlattices with the polar axis being normal to the layers. The observed optic m…
The thermal and ferroelectric properties of potassium nitrate (KNO/sub 3/): polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) composite films have been studied. The dielectric constant has been measured as a function of temperature and shows a sharp change during heating and cooling cycles. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been emp…
Complementary methods were used to study one of the MHPOBC analogues: 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl-4′nonylbiphenyl-4-carboxylate (MHPNBC). The substance shows rich phase polymorphism. In addition to the para-, ferro- and antiferroelectric phases it exhibits three sub-phases (two ferri- and alpha sub-phase) and…
Cell adsorption and selective desorption for separation of microbial cells were conducted by using chitosan-immobilized silica (CIS). When chitosan was immobilized onto silica surfaces with glutaraldehyde, bacterial cells adsorbed well and retained viability. Testing of the adsorption and desorption ability of CIS usi…
Fabrication and field emission properties of a ZnO nanowire (NW) triode were investigated in this study. The ZnO NWs have a single-crystalline wurtzite structure, ∼50 nm diameter and 3.4 × 10 10 cm −2 number density. The ZnO NW triode shows good and controllable emission properties with the turn-on anode electric fiel…
Nanostructured SiOx∕Si thin films, over a large range of porosities, were deposited by the excimer laser ablation (KrF, 248nm) of Si targets in He; they have been characterized by photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which necessitates exposure to air with subsequent oxidation. In particular, the IR…
A harmonic Green's function solution for a magnetic line source above and below a flat interface between two chiral materials is derived. The solution is expressed in terms of the characteristic right and left circularly polarized waves. The harmonic Green's function formulation is converted into a modal representatio…
Carbon nitride has been synthesized in macroscopic amounts by means of the original method based on an ecologically safe technology using inorganic initial compounds. The product has been characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray diffraction, and quantitative chemical analysis. The MS and thermochemical data show…
An isotropically conductive adhesive (ICA) is a composite material consisting of a nonconductive polymer binder and conductive filler particles. When the filler content is high enough the nonconductive binder is transformed into a good electrical conductor. This transition can be described by the percolation theory. W…