Materials Literature
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The short length on the electromigration lifetime is a useful effect to increase current limits in advanced circuits. A way to increase current limit is to consider the Blech effect. The electromigration threshold due to belch effect in copper interconnect for 65nm and 45nm technology is reported in this study. The cr…
Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) was investigated, noting the time variation of stress-induce leakage current (SILC) between copper (Cu) lines. To clarify the TDDB mechanism, triangular voltage sweep (TVS) and bias temperature aging were alternatively performed for Cu damascene structures. The SILC was large…
Abstract Magnesium alloys reveal a good strength‐to‐weight ratio in the family of lightweight metals and gains potential to provide up to 30 % mass savings compared to aluminium and up to 75 % compared to steel. The use of sheet magnesium alloys for auto body applications is however limited due to the relatively low f…
Composites based on two biocompatible compounds, namely, inorganic hydrated calcium phosphates and organic microfibrillar ribbons of cellulose Acetobacter xylinum , are prepared by aggregation in an aqueous suspension. The influence of the structural organization of the hydroxyapatite and temperature-time conditions o…
The frequency dependences of the dielectric loss tangent and the magnitude of the impedance for monoclinic lysozyme single crystals and the solution used for preparing the crystals were investigated. The measurements were performed in the frequency range 1–10 7 Hz under exposure of the crystals at a temperature of 25°…
Monolayer protected gold nanoparticles with diameters above 10 nm were prepared by a simple, one step reaction in water. 2-mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) was used both as reduction agent for hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) and as stabilizing agent for the gold nanoparticles. Size distribution and surface chemistry we…
A stable superhydrophobic copper surface was obtained by radio-frequency magnetic sputtering on Si (100) and quartz substrates. The water contact angle and sliding angle of the superhydrophobic copper surface were 160.5° and 3±1.9°, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos show that the superhydrophobic…
We investigate the electrical behavior of a symmetric liquid crystal (LC) cell: elecrode-silane-LC-silane-electrode. The silane (chlorodimethyloctadecyl-silane) layer induces a homeotropic orientation of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) molecules. The wettability technique is used to detect the change of the surface e…
We have developed a nonconventional broadband electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer operating continuously in the frequency range from 0.5 to 9 GHz. Dual antenna structure and the microwave absorbing environment differentiate the setup from the conventional one and enable broadband operation with any combination…
RESUMO São apresentados os resultados do levantamento florístico das diatomáceas epilíticas no curso superior do rio das Antas, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de julho de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006, em quatro estações amostrais entre 1.030 e 1.005 m de altitude. Um total de 38 espé…
(Na0.52K0.44Li0.04)Nb 0.9-x Sb x Ta 0.1 O 3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics are prepared by a solid-state reaction method. With increasing Sb content, the transition temperature from orthorhombic to tetragonal polymorphic phase decreased. A composition (Na 0.52 K 0.44 Li 0.04 )Nb 0.863 Sb 0.037 Ta 0.1 O 3 is found to…
Neste trabalho, realizou-se a caracterização de compósitos confeccionados com polietileno de alta densidade "virgem" (v-HDPE) e diferentes tipos de serragem gerados na indústria moveleira. Os compósitos foram produzidos por extrusão, utilizando-se uma extrusora monorrosca de 35 mm e temperaturas de 160 ºC, 170 ºC e 18…
This paper reports ionic conductivity of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)–Al 2 O 3 composite membranes. The tape cast specimens were subjected to binder burnout (500°C) and sintering (1550°C) processes to obtain 200–300 μm thick membranes. The ionic conductivity and microstructure of the membranes were characterized a…
Novel nanocomposites based on the biodegradable polymer poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHx) and layered fillers, specifically layered silicate (clay25A) and expanded graphite (EG), were prepared by melt intercalation. The dispersion of the fillers in the PHBHx was characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray di…
Abstract Despite decades of study, the fundamental mechanisms of superplasticity, particularly relating to the accommodation of grain boundary sliding, are still widely disputed. This is partly due to a lack of information on individual grain deformation and sliding events. Previous studies of superplasticity using su…
Blown-powder laser surface alloying was performed on the magnesium alloy AZ91D with Al–Si alloy powder to improve corrosion resistance. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Mg2Si…
The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20 and their complexes with the H− ion and ammonia complexes Al20O30 · nNH3 have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basi…
Characteristics of corona discharges over insulating surfaces are described. Two insulating materials, PTFE and porcelain are compared and contrasted using identical insulator surface profiles and dimensions and identical impulse voltage waveforms. The insulators were in the form of right cylinders and of similar shap…
Polyterthiophene (P3T) film was synthesized on Types 304 (UNS S30400) and 316 (UNS S31600) stainless steel (SS) electrodes from an acetonitrile (ACN) solution containing 10–2 M terthiophene (3T) and 10–1 M lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), by cycling voltammetry between 0 and 1.20 V, with a scan rate of 25 mV/s. The elect…
Undesirable surface flashover of high voltage support structures can severely limit the compactness of open air high voltage systems. Only recently, increased effort has been invested in characterizing and quantifying the physical processes involved in surface flashover occurring under atmospheric conditions and under…