Materials Literature
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Pseudomonas putida KT2442 could accumulate medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHA) consisting of 3-hydroxyhexanoate, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, 3-hydroxydecanoate, and 3-hydroxydodecanoate from a wide range of carbon sources. In this study, the PHA synthase pha operon (phaC1-phaZ-phaC2) was knocked out and the vgb…
Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a vital role in many tissues, influencing water content and mechanical function, and has been shown to have positive biological effects on cell behavior in vitro. To begin to determine whether these benefits can be accessed if HA is incorporated into collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engin…
Stainless steel and titanium alloys are the most common metallic orthopedic materials. Recently, nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys have attracted much attention due to their shape memory effect and super-elasticity. However, this alloy consists of equal amounts of nickel and titanium, and nickel is a well kno…
Long carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many important applications. However, long CNTs may self-fold and therefore compromise their applications. The authors have determined the critical length for self-folding as 4πEI∕γ, where EI and γ are the CNT bending stiffness and binding energy, respectively. This simple expression…
The formation of inorganic structures in nature is commonly controlled by biogenic macromolecules. The understanding of mineralization phenomena and the nucleation and growth mechanisms involved is still a challenge in science but also of great industrial interest. This article focuses on the formation and mineralizat…
Herein the authors propose a compositional thermoelectric phase diagram, which includes the density of states effective mass (md*) carrier relaxation time (τ), and thermoelectric power factor (S2σ, where S and σ are Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity) for high-quality epitaxial films composed of 20%-Nb-do…
Ferroelectric domain structures of epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films on miscut (001) SrTiO3 substrates have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. BiFeO3 on 0.8° miscut substrates are composed of both 109° and 71° domains; in contrast, only 71° stripe domains are observed in BiFeO3 on 4° miscut (001) SrTiO3 subst…
Epitaxial thin films of Bi2NiMnO6 were synthesized on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The resulting film had the rock-salt-type arrangement of Ni2+ and Mn4+ ions in a double-perovskite unit cell. The films clearly showed multiferroic properties, both ferromagnetic behavior with a Curie temperature of abo…
A hydrogel was prepared from pullulan and evaluated as a novel biomaterial for vascular engineering. Using a crosslinking process with sodium trimetaphosphate in aqueous solution, homogeneous, transparent, and easy-to-handle pullulan gels were obtained with water-content higher than 90%. A circular punch was used to c…
Polyimide precursors were successfully polymerized from trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA) with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) under very limited conditions: at controlled extents of silylation for CHDA in a mixed solvent containing hexamethylphosphoramide (H…
Rare-earth doped yttria upconversion nanophosphors were synthesized using a single-step gas-phase flame synthesis method. The phosphors were characterized by x-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The dependence of multiphoton emissions on excitation power was examined.…
The local environment of manganese atoms in $\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ under pressure up to $15.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ has been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. For pressures below $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, no change is detected within the $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathr…
The current-voltage characteristics of non-punch-through-type diamond Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) are analyzed by using thermionic and thermionic-field emission (TFE) models. Diamond SBD with defects such as nonepitaxial crystallites (NCs) shows shunt path conductance both under forward and reverse bias conditions.…
We have used a first-principles-based scheme to compute the temperature-versus-misfit strain ``Pertsev'' phase diagram of ultrathin films of {\sl incipient} ferroelectric KTaO$_3$. Our results suggest that, at variance with the bulk material, KTaO$_3$ ultrathin films cannot be described as quantum paraelectrics. Rathe…
Out of the blue: Light-emitting diodes were obtained by fabricating p+-GaN film/n-ZnO nanowire array/n+-ZnO film structures (see figure). Blue electroluminescence (EL) emission was observed from the nanowire-inserted heterojunction diodes under forward bias. These diodes exhibited improved EL emission and injection cu…
Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectroscopies have been performed on hexagonal boron nitride powders. The combination of these techniques allows us to analyze the two observed luminescence bands. A deep-level UV emission at about $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ is attributed to defects or impuriti…
Although spider silks have been studied for decades, the assembly properties of the underlying silk proteins have still not been unravelled. Previously, the detection of amyloid-like nanofibrils in the spider's silk gland suggested their involvement in the assembly process.Recombinantly produced spider silk also self-…
Epitaxial self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) represent an important step in the advancement of semiconductor fabrication at the nanoscale that will allow breakthroughs in electronics and optoelectronics. In these applications, order is a key factor. Here, the role of crystal anisotropy in promoting order during early…
We examine the T=0 phase diagram of a thin ferromagnetic film with a strong out-of-plane anisotropy in the vicinity of the reorientation phase transition (with Co on Pt as an example). The phase diagram in the anisotropy-applied field plane is universal in the limit where the film thickness is the shortest length scal…
We investigate electron-phonon couplings, scattering rates, and mean free paths in zigzag-edge graphene strips with widths of the order of $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. Our calculations for these graphene nanostrips show both the expected similarity with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and the suppr…