Materials Literature
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A photoinduced effect has been studied in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor K(0.3)MoO(3). A weak photoexcitation of the sample can drastically affect the dynamic phase transition of the charge-density wave (CDW) motion from slide to creep. The origin of the photoeffect is attributed to a local destruction of the CDW…
Abstract Several highly soluble polyimides were synthesized from various aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and an aromatic diamine containing tert ‐butyl pendent groups [4,4′‐methylenebis(2‐ tert ‐butylaniline)]. All the polyimides showed excellent solubility in common solvents such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran,…
From a search of the October 2000 release of the Cambridge Structural Database we find coordinate data for approximately 1500 entries under space group No. 5: C2 or, occasionally, A2, I2 or B112. Software designed to detect cases of missed higher symmetry identified 144 entries for detailed inspection. Of these, 50 sh…
The structure of a crystal of natural melilite from San Venanzo, Umbria (Italy) of the general formula X(2)T1(T2)(2)O(7), where X = Ca(0.945)Sr(0.005)Na(0.04)K(0.01), T1 = Mg(0.92)Al(0.08) and T2 = Si(0.99)Al(0.01), has been solved and refined as an incommensurate structure in five-dimensional superspace. The structur…
Various samples of polythioesters with different contents of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MP) or 3-mercaptobutyric acid (3MB) as one comonomer and with 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) as the second constituent were produced by cultivating cells of Ralstonia eutropha strain H16 in mineral salts medium containing 3MP or 3MB p…
Graphyne intercalation compounds are expected to function as layered organic conductors and as storage of atoms and molecules, because graphyne as a host material is highly stable and has large voids. We have performed optimization of the geometry and calculation of the electronic structures for five hypothetical stac…
We consider interacting spinless fermions in one dimension embedded in self-similar quasiperiodic potentials. We examine generalizations of the Fibonacci potential known as precious mean potentials. Using a bosonization technique and a renormalization group analysis, we study the low-energy physics of the system. We s…
Silk Mohair Cashmere, camelhair and other hair fibres. Appendices: International trade rules for raw silk and other products of silk Spider silk Composition of mohair fibres and of amino acids Mohair yarn spinning and properties Mohair fibre and fabric properties Mohair dyeing and finishing Mohair product list Rules f…
Ralstonia eutropha has been considered as a bacterium, incorporating hydroxyalkanoates of less than six carbons only into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Cells of the wild type cultivated with sodium octanoate as the carbon source in the presence of the fatty acid beta-oxidation inhibitor sodium acrylate synthesized PHA…
A detailed kinetic and mechanistic analysis of the classical "brown-ring" reaction of [Fe(H(2)O)(6)](2+) with NO was performed using stopped-flow and laser flash photolysis techniques at ambient and high pressure. The kinetic parameters for the "on" and "off" reactions at 25 degrees C were found to be k(on) = 1.42 x 1…
The time-dependent relaxation of remanant polarization in epitaxial lead zirconate titanate $[{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}(\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{r}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{0.8}{)\mathrm{O}}_{3},\mathrm{P}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{T}]$ ferroelectric thin films, containing a uniform two-dimensional grid of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi…
We examine the effects of interface roughness and/or planar impurity doping in a superlattice, in the frame of a weak disorder description. We find that these two types of disorder are equivalent, and that they can be viewed as effective "bulk" disorder, with anisotropic diffusion coefficients. Our results offer quant…
The angular distributions of photons scattered by human breast tissues (adipose and glandular) and by eight breast-equivalent materials (water, polymethylmethacrylate, nylon, polyethylene and four commercial breast-equivalent materials simulating different glandular-adipose proportions) have been measured at a photon…
A tensor form of phenomenological damping is derived for small magnetization motions. This form reflects basic physical relaxation processes for a general uniformly magnetized particle or film. Scalar Landau-Lifshitz damping is found to occur only for two special cases of system symmetry.
The theory of incoherent nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation accompanied by absorption or emission of phonons in a crystal lattice is developed. The theory is based on the Maxwell's equations and time-dependent quantum mechanics under the condition of incoherent scattering of radiation by various nucl…
The three-dimensional elastic-plastic deformation is considered. The catastrophe theory underlies the construction of this process model. It was shown that the variety of stable states consists on elastic states and can be depicted as a lattice on plane in coordinates shearing stress intensity and shearing strain inte…
$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-alumina is usually described as a defect spinel structure with cation site vacancies distributed randomly between octahedral and tetrahedral positions. Its structure and properties are still not well understood. Using ab initio calculations based on density functional theory and plane-wave pseudo…
Understanding electronic communication among the constituents in multicomponent macromolecular architectures is essential for the rational design of molecular devices for photonic, electronic, or optoelectronic applications. This Account describes studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of electronic communicati…
The combined effects of strain and phonon confinement are seen to explain why the Raman peak near $464{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}$ nanoparticles shifts to progressively lower energies and the lineshape of this feature gets progressively broader and asymmetric (on the low-ener…
Abstract This book describes the principles and concepts of biomineralization and their application in the new field of biomimetic materials chemistry. The main focus is on the principles and concepts that arise from a chemical perspective of biomineralization. After surveying the major types of biominerals (chapter 2…