Materials Literature
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Electrical utility companies are constantly seeking predictive techniques that indicate the appropriate moment for maintenance intervention, while aiming toward a continuous increase in service indices. This paper proposes the use of pattern-recognition techniques to build classifiers that diagnose the operational sta…
Water is damaging for power transformers since it accelerates aging processes, reduces dielectric margin, decreases partial-discharge inception voltage, and, therefore, increases the probability of unexpected failures. Taking into account that power transformers are the most expensive equipment in an electrical plant…
We report a study by electron paramagnetic resonance of amorphous silicon dioxide $(a{\text{-SiO}}_{2})$ irradiated by 2.5 MeV electrons in the dose range from $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ to $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{kGy}$. By measuring the change in the splitting of…
Future aircraft generations have to face enhanced requirements concerning productivity, environmental compatibility and higher operational availability, thus effecting environmental, technical, operational, and economical aspects of in-flight and on-ground power generation systems. Today's development in aircraft arch…
This paper presents a procedure to optimize a conceptual ship side structure from a crashworthiness point of view. As an example, this procedure is presented for a chemical or product tanker. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for the procedure. The classification society compliance of the conceptual desi…
Three-dimensional collagen-chitosan scaffolds were fabricated with type I collagen and chitosan through freeze drying and glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat skin by dispase II/collagenase I digestion. The fibroblasts were then seeded into the scaffolds to co…
More powerful computers and better algorithms are making it possible to probe and engineer the atomic-level properties of nanostructures.
An improved model for the back-electromagnetic-force (back-EMF) and cogging torque characteristics of a novel axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) synchronous machine with a segmental laminated stator is presented. Based on a 3-D finite-element analysis (FEA) modeling approach that takes into the anisotropic properties…
The evaporation behavior of microliter (2.0 microL) and subnanoliter (0.8 nL) scale water droplets was investigated on two smooth hydrophobic and hydrophilic fluoroalkylsilane coatings prepared using chemical vapor deposition. The contact angle was constant in the second stage of evaporation for a 2.0 microL droplet o…
Operations of arrayed ferroelectric (Fe)-NAND flash memory cells: erase, program and read were demonstrated for the first time using a small cell array of four word lines by two NAND strings. The memory cells and select-gate transistors were all n-channel Pt/SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 /Hf-Al-O/Si ferroelectric-gate field effect…
Salt-free ion-paired catanionic amphiphiles of the C(m)(+)C(n)(-) type, with a high solubility mismatch (n >> m or m >> n) display a remarkable phase behavior in water. A temperature-driven vesicle-to-micelle transition in the dilute side together with a coexistence of two lamellar phases on the concentrated side is o…
The electrooxidation of small organic molecules on platinum surfaces usually involves different structure-dependent steps that include adsorption and desorption of various species and multiple reaction pathways. Because temperature plays a decisive role on each individual step, understanding its global influence on th…
The variation characteristics of flux density and field intensity of trapezoidal permanent magnets (PM) in the variable-flux memory motor (VFMM) under different demagnetizing magnetomotive forces are analyzed using the finite element method. A prototype machine is fabricated and tested. Good agreement between the calc…
A design procedure to select the components in a modular unified power-quality conditioner configuration based on single-phase cells is presented. The procedure is based on the fact that the load and distributor operating conditions range are known and it is required to impose stiff operating conditions in both the lo…
Sticky subject: An N2 stream forms bubbles inside bulk viscous liquids, which create an aerosol sample through a microjetting mechanism (see picture). This aerosol is then analyzed by extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) mass spectrometry (MS). EESI-MS reveals the molecular composition of complex liquids and the…
The degradation of catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) has been a major challenge for vehicle and stationary usage of PEMFCs. As carbon loss (carbon corrosion) phenomena have been reported elsewhere, some mitigations have been suggested (1-5), although the oxidation mechanism of carbon on Pt/C ha…
Fe/N/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEM fuel cells were synthesized via a new method. A catalyst precursor was first prepared by filling the pores of a microporous carbon black with a mixture of pore-filler (organic molecules) and iron precursor by means of planetary ballmilling. The resulting…
One major issue still impeding the rapid market introduction of low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is the catalyst's poor long-term stability. In particular in the harsh conditions at the cathode side corrosion of the standard carbon support takes place, and high platinum loadings even spe…
The functionality of fuel cell vehicles is continuously being improved by several automakers and efforts are being made to demonstrate performance, durability, efficiency and freeze start capability comparable to conventional vehicles. Recent results demonstrating acceptable operational performance, efficiency, freeze…
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have many advantages over two-dimensional cultures. However, seeding cells in 3D scaffolds such as nonwoven fibrous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrices has been a challenge task in tissue engineering and cell culture bioprocessing. In this study, a centrifugal seeding method…