Materials Literature
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On many occasions, lining, coating, and paint terminologies are used interchangeably. Technically, linings and paints are both coatings. Usually, a coating is referred to as a lining when subjected to immersion, such as the interior of a vessel, and paints refer to protective materials used to guard against atmospheri…
Shell Structures: Theory and Applications, Vol. 2 – Pietraszkiewicz & Kreja (eds) © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-54883-0
Thin-walled multi-layered shells are commonly used in the design of modern planes, ships, spaceships, vehicles, and in civil engineering. The most commonly used are structures with two load-carrying faces connected by internal layer (core). Thin-walled faces are made of materials with high stiffness, as steel, alumini…
It follows from (1), (2) that the wryness tensor L is equal to zero (Nikitin & Zubov 1998, Pietraszkiewicz & Eremeyev 2009) and expression for a stretch tensor Y has the form where C= gradR= deformation gradient; grad = gradient in Lagrangian coordinates; and E= identity tensor.The prime denotes a derivative with resp…
Regarding boundary data, we recall that yˆ(u, ς) is assigned on ∂κC .This implies that its midsurface value, r, and those of its through-thickness derivatives, d and g, are assigned on ∂. However, the latter two fields cannot be assigned arbitrarily if the foregoing model is to apply on the closure of . The assigned v…
For the detailed discussion of the wave propagation the reader is referred to Brillouin (1946). The aim of this section is to apply the tolerance averaging technique to the investigation of the dispersion problem. It makes it possible to compare results obtained by tolerance modeling with exact solutions given by Bril…
In a more recent research program carried out by Hübner et al. (2006), the buckling behavior of large steel cylinders with patterned welds was investigated. The results of a series of finite element buckling analyses of a typical steel cylinder with such simulated welding effects are presented and discussed, leading t…
Most commonly used metals are unstable in the atmosphere. These unstable metals are produced by reducing ores artificially, and therefore they tend to return to their original state or to similar metallic compounds when exposed to the atmosphere. Exceptions to this are gold and platinum, which are already in their met…
Organic coatings are widely used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. The effectiveness of such coatings depends not only on the properties of the coatings that are related to the polymeric network, and possible flaws in the network, but also on the character of the metal substrate, the surface pretreatment, and…
The mechanisms of metallic corrosion were discussed in Chapter 2. The various mechanisms can result in different forms or types of corrosion, as discussed in this chapter. The primary forms of corrosion are as follows: General (uniform) corrosion• Intergranular corrosion• Galvanic corrosion• Crevice corrosion• Pitting…
The main purpose for applying bread and batter coatings on fried foods is to produce high-quality products in terms of visual appeal, crispness, low fat content, flavor, and favorable consumer satisfaction (Loewe, 1990, 1993; Fiszman and Salvador, 2003). The various ingredients used in batter and breading formulation…
Design, in the context of this book, is the organization of elements in the sense of composition. Composition, in turn, is the combination of parts or elements to form a systemic whole. And, a systemic whole of any kind has five basic components: (1) composition, (2) structure, (3) function, (4) systems-altering distu…
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BZ UMa is a cataclysmic variable star whose specific classification has eluded researchers since its discovery in 1968. It has outburst and spectral properties consistent with both U Gem class dwarf novae and intermediate polars. We present new photometric and polarimetric measurements of recent outbursts, including t…
We report molecular dynamics simulations of a system of repulsive, polymer-tethered colloidal particles. We use an explicit polymer model to explore how the length and the behavior of the polymer (ideal or self-avoiding) affect the ability of the particles to organize into ordered structures when the system is compres…
As discussed previously, metallic materials undergo a specific corrosion rate as a result of an electrochemical reaction. Because of this, it is possible to predict the life of a metal when in contact with a corrodent under a given set of conditions. This is not the case with polymeric materials. Plastic materials do…
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Tendons transmit forces from muscles to bones, enabling the directed motions of fingers, toes, arms and legs. Despite being relatively small in size, they are important to the human body. In chronic rupture or trauma, a piece of substitutive material is needed to reconstruct the tendon. Conventional materials include…
Back Cover: Towards a more sensitive DNA assay: a novel end-capping approach is reported to synthesize light-harvesting cationic conjugated polyfluorene. By offering efficient intra- and intermolecular energy transfer from fluorene backbone to end-capper anthracene, it enhances the sensitivity of a DNA assay over the…
In this work we investigated a new class of subwavelength focusing device, termed the holographic metallic screen. We first proposed a generalized procedure which takes a holographic record of a subwavelength electromagnetic field distribution. Subsequently we synthesized this record using two types of holographic met…