Materials Literature
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Reduction in drag is important in fluid flow applications. So called boundary slip, a measure of relative fluid velocity at the solid-fluid interface, affects the drag. The slip is a function of the degree of hydrophobicity. In this study, boundary slip was studied through slip length measurements on hydrophilic, hydr…
The increasing availability of semiconductor-based nanostructures with novel and unique properties has sparked widespread interest in their use in the field of biosensing. The precise control over the size, shape and composition of these nanostructures leads to the accurate control of their physico-chemical properties…
Single crystal Ni/Co(111) superlattices have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The Ni thickness is 3 ML whereas the Co thickness varies from 0.2 to 4 ML. The superlattices were studied using magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and they all exhibit strong perpendicular to the plane magnetic anisot…
The ideal strengths of L12Co3(Al,W) in comparison with Ni3Al are investigated using the first-principles method. Results for the stress-strain relationships, ideal tensile and shear strengths are presented. The calculated elastic properties agree well with the experimental observations. Co3(Al,W) is found to have larg…
High indium content blue-green (460–520 nm) m-plane InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on low defect-density m-plane GaN substrates. Systematic studies were performed on packaged blue-green LED lamps by using a range of well and barrier thicknesses. Photoluminance and electroluminance peak wavelengths incre…
We have performed density-functional calculations on the ${\text{Ti}}_{4}{\text{O}}_{7}$ Magn\'eli phase. Our results provided a consistent description of the high-temperature $(T\ensuremath{\ge}298\text{ }\text{K})$ phase, the intermediate-temperature $(120\text{ }\text{K}\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}140\text{ }\…
Dilute acid pretreatment is a commonly used pretreatment method in the course of producing bioethanol from lignocellulosics and the structure variation of the lignocellulosics is highly related to the pretreatment process. To understand the impact of dilute acid pretreatment on the structure of bagasse, four different…
Comprehensive experimental investigations of melting in two-dimensional complex plasmas were carried out. Different experiments were performed in steady and unsteady heating regimes. We demonstrate an Arrhenius dependence of the defect concentration on the kinetic temperature in steady-state experiments, and show the…
Abstract The mechanical and physical properties of wood fibres depend to a large extent on the orientation of the polymers, mainly the cellulose microfibrils, within the supramolecular structure of the cell wall. Under moist conditions, the arrangement within the polymer matrix may play a dominant role for mechanical…
Fluorination of Al2O3 and Y2O3 surfaces was investigated by irradiating high-density, helicon-wave CF4∕O2 and SF6∕O2 plasmas. The Al2O3 surface bombarded by high-flux positive ions of the CF4∕O2 plasma was fluorinated significantly. On contrast, Y2O3 was less fluorinated than Al2O3 when they were irradiated by the sam…
Two birds with one stone: A thermoresponsive copolymer (see picture, blue beads) bearing a pH-responsive solvatochromic dye (red beads) acts as the first dual sensor for temperature and pH value (black curve). When the hydrophilicity of the copolymer is increased by using a monomer with more hydrophilic side chains, t…
We have prepared thiophene/phenylene/thiophene (TPT)-based low bandgap conjugated polymers exhibiting tunable energy levels and investigated their application in solar cells. By incorporating various electron-withdrawing comonomers through Stille coupling reactions, we obtained TPT-based donor/acceptor copolymers havi…
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the US. Currently, protocols for cancer treatment include surgery to remove diseased and suspect tissues, focused radiation, systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy and their combinations. With conventional chemotherapy, it is almost impossible to deliver anticancer drugs sp…
We report on the effect of Sb co-doping on the structural and magnetic properties of bulk ZnMnO samples. Samples with nominal compositions Zn(0.98-y)Mn(0.02)Sb(y)O (y = 0, 0.01 and 0.03) were synthesized using a solid state reaction route at 800 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal wurtzite structure of pure ZnO…
Different fluorocarbon thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a plasma-polymerization method. Fluorine-containing hydrophobic thin films were obtained by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and pulsed plasma (PP) with a mixture of fluorocarbon precursors C2F6, C3F8, and c-C4F8 and the unsaturated hydrocarbons o…
We demonstrate the fabrication of a simple metamaterial-diffraction grating device that both amplifies and converts evanescent waves into propagating ones. This is the most accessible example of such phenomena reported until now (to our knowledge), as it requires few thin film layers, operates in the visible, and can…
Abstract X‐Ray diffraction investigations were made of high‐quality epitaxial thin films of the ferroelectric material lead zirconate titanate, PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT), grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Layers from 7 to 200 nm in thickness were studied, deposited on a 30 nm SrRuO3 (SRO) electrode on a [001] oriente…
Based on the dimensional analysis and finite element calculations, the effects of phase transition on the hardness of shape memory alloys were unveiled. It is shown that the hardness of shape memory alloys increases with the increase in the phase transition stress, the increase in the plastic yield stress, and the dec…
The uncertainty in measured diffraction intensities caused by particle statistics, which originates from the limited number of crystallites satisfying the diffraction condition, has been evaluated by a step-scan measurement about the rotation angle of a specimen-spinning attachment of a laboratory powder X-ray diffrac…
The negative thermal-expansion material ${\text{Zr}}_{2}({\text{WO}}_{4}){({\text{PO}}_{4})}_{2}$ adopts the orthorhombic ${\text{Sc}}_{2}{({\text{WO}}_{4})}_{3}$ structure under ambient conditions. Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction was used to study its behavior on compression in a diamond-anvil cell up to 16 GPa.…