Materials Literature
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Relaxation phenomena in disordered systems are often described by stretched exponentials; such behavior has traditionally been explained by invoking statistical distributions. In hydrogenated amorphous silicon, the relaxation has been associated with dispersive diffusion of hydrogen, related to a distribution of energ…
data along with the appropriate crystallographic, physical and experimental information. This paper reviews the development and growth of the PDF and discusses the role of the ICDD in the maintenance and dissemination of the file.
The Si 2 N 2 O(s) compound is vaporized in a multiple Knudsen‐cell connected to a mass spectrometer. Comparison of SiO(g) and N 2 (g) pressures between different samples in the Si‐N‐O system, as triphasic or diphasic mixtures from Si(s), Si 3 N 4 (s), and Si 2 N 2 O(s), allows the determination of the SiO(g) evaporati…
A model for calculating the electron inelastic mean free path and stopping power in insulators in the 50 eV–10 keV energy range is presented. Both valence and core electron contributions have been considered. The valence part has been estimated following the dielectric theory modified to include the energy gap; the co…
Abstract A model was developed in order to calculate the texture evolution of a growing film with large atomic diffusion on the surface. The tendency for lowest surface energy was taken as the driving force for the evolution. The orientation dependent surface energy y was approximated by a function with a sharp minimu…
We report the first direct measurements of disclination density during shear flow of a nematic liquid crystal. Samples of 4,4′-n-pentylcyanobiphenyl, or 5CB, are initially aligned in the homeotropic configuration within a torsional shear cell using surface treatment with lecithin. For low shearing rates, the director…
We present a detailed theoretical discussion of the fundamental mechanisms for dc field assisted optically induced space charge fields and molecular reorientation effects in nematic liquid crystal films. In fullerene C60-doped film, persistent director axis reorientation is observed, allowing the recording of holograp…
Summary Liede, S.: Cynanchum – Rhodostegiella – Vincetoxicum – Tylophora (Asclepiadaceae): new considerations on an old problem. – Taxon 45: 193‐211. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262. On the basis of morphological and chemical data, the genus Vincetoxicum is recognized as separate from Cynanchum. Tylophora is identified as the…
One-fold-coordinated atoms in a covalent network mechanically soften a network if it is overcoordinated, and conversely, mechanically stiffen the network if it is undercoordinated. They play no part in network rigidity if the network is optimally coordinated. These features follow directly from constraint theory and p…
An approximate quasi-static theoretical analysis is presented for the behavior of punch-impact-loaded metal plates. Based on the principle of virtual work, load-deflection relationships are first obtained and then used to predict the energy-absorbing capabilities of plates subjected to low-velocity impacts that cause…
Abstract Three commercial styrenic triblock copolymers were subjected to planar extension in a lubricated channel die, as a model for the orientation that may occur during processing operations. Materials that contain cylinders of polystyrene show a pronounced orientation of the cylinder axis in the flow direction, as…
Abstract Crosslinked N-(2-pyridylmethyl)chitosan, N-(2-thienylmethyl)chitosan, and N-[3-(methylthio)propyl]chitosan were newly synthesized. The amino group of the active adsorption site of chitosan was protected by Schiff’s base formation prior to being crosslinked by 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane. The final chitosan deriva…
In the present article, a convenient method for the direct measurement of the displacement current caused by electron trapping is developed to measure the trapped charge in insulators under electron beam irradiation from a scanning electron microscope. The trapping process during electron beam irradiation can be direc…
ZnO films have been grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethylzinc (DEZn) and H 2 O as reactant gases. Self-limiting growth occurred at substrate temperatures ranging from 105 to 165° C. Self-limiting growth was also achieved when the flow rates of DEZn and H 2 O were varied. It was found that the orientatio…
Steerable microstructures, i.e., catheters, are presented. They exploit the electromechanochemical phenomena of ir-electron conjugated conducting polymers occurring when ionic species are exchanged with the surrounding medium. In this paper we considered polypyrrole as conducting polymer and a fast ionic conductor sol…
Abstract Bubble instabilities observed in film blowing using four different polyolefins are discussed: high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP). Special attention is given to the effect of the frost line height on the bubble stab…
Shape memory alloy (SMA) is regarded as one promising intelligent material element natively with thermo-sensor, shape memory actuator functions. A fundamental design concept for intelligent materials using SMAS is firstly proposed. Two types of composites which show some intelligent functional properties relating to t…
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the applicability of the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) concept, previously developed in our laboratory, over wide ranges of two independent variables, carbonate content and crystallinity, and also to examine the influences of these variables on the MES behavior…
The stoichiometry of a series of low pressure chemical vapor deposition deposited SiOx films was determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by two different methods. The first, more traditional, method involved applying relative sensitivity factors to the integrated O 1s and Si 2p peaks, taking into consi…
Dynamical correlations of charged rodlike colloidal particles interacting via a Yukawa segment-segment potential are investigated using extensive Brownian dynamics computer simulations. The model and the parameters used in the simulations are particularly designed for aqueous suspensions of tobacco-mosaic viruses. Ove…