Materials Literature
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The process of Ag colloid self-assembly onto organosilane-functionalized glass, carbon, and Au surfaces has been studied using UV−visible spectrophotometry, quartz crystal microgravimetry, and atomic force microscopy. Ag colloids prepared by citrate reduction and by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid reduction of Ag + yi…
We show that the simplest model fluids in two and three dimensions, namely, the hard-disk and hard-sphere fluids, exhibit a structural precursor to the freezing transition, which manifests itself as a shoulder in the second peak of the radial distribution function. This feature is not present in the radial distributio…
Despite intensive investigations, the nature of the passive state is one of the most complex and unresolved subjects in the electrochemistry of zinc in alkaline solutions. In this paper, we explore the electrochemistry of the passive state on zinc in 0.1 M sodium borate/1 M sodium hydroxide solution of pH 10.5. During…
Within mode-coupling theory for structural relaxation in simple systems, the asymptotic laws and their leading-asymptotic correction formulas are derived for the motion of a tagged particle near a glass-transition singularity. These analytic results are compared with numerical ones of the equations of motion evaluated…
Ultrahigh-resolution X-ray diffraction data from cryo-cooled, B. lentus subtilisin crystals has been collected to a resolution of 0.78 A. The refined model coordinates have a rms deviation of 0.22 A relative to the same structure determined at room temperature and 2.0 A resolution. Several regions of main-chain and si…
A new phase, cubic ZrMo2O8, has been prepared by the low-temperature dehydration of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·2H2O. This material displays isotropic negative linear thermal expansion (α = −5.0 × 10-6 K-1) over a large temperature range. Unlike the previously reported cubic ZrW2O8, it does not undergo any phase transformations on h…
Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize a chromate conversion coating (CCC) on 2024‐T3 aluminum aircraft alloy with a long range objective of determining the anticorrosion mechanism of the CCC. Spectra were compared to those from synthetic mixed oxides of aluminum, Cr(III), and Cr(VI) made by treatin…
The effects of environmental conditions and mechanical damage on the tensile stiffness and strength of two natural fibers, flax and nettle, are investigated. Flax and nettle both contain cellulosic fiber bundles in the outer layer of the plant, each bundle comprising many individual cells bonded together. Novel experi…
To model the phase behavior of polymer−clay composites, we develop a free energy expression for a mixture of polymers and solid, thin disks. The free energy expression is adopted from the Onsager model for the equilibrium behavior of rigid rods. Thus, our theory takes into account the possible nematic ordering of the…
Recently, new methods based on the use of genetic algorithms have been explored and developed for solving crystal structures directly from powder diffraction data. In implementing genetic algorithms in such applications, several different aspects of the technique and strategy are open to optimization, leading to a ver…
The Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra of the pristine and ion-implanted highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are reported. For all Raman bands, noticeable frequency shifts are observed in the different temperature of samples. The anomalous Raman phenomenon (ARP) indicates that some modes occurring on the Stoke…
The anisotropy of rapid fluctuations of the peptide planes in ubiquitin is explored by combined 15 N and 13 C‘ nuclear spin relaxation measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation. T 1, T 2, and NOE data were collected at B 0 -field strenghts corresponding to 400 and 600 MHz proton resonance. A 1.5-ns…
The phase diagram of the ferromagnetic Kondo model for manganites was recently investigated using computational techniques by Yunoki et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 845 (1998)]. In dimensions 1, 2, and $\ensuremath{\infty}$ and using classical localized spins, this study suggested a rich low-temperature phase diagram wit…
6,7-Bis(alkyloxy)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones self-assemble into lactim−lactam trimeric disks in solution as demonstrated by SEC and NMR. With suitable substituents, as in Phthal 8, Phthal 12, and Phthal 16, these disks self-organize into a thermotropic, columnar, discotic phase. The disubstituted phthalhydrazid…
Recent studies have produced 0.1 × 0.1 μm ferroelectric cells in both bismuth titanate and strontium bismuth tantalate, thus taking thin-film ferroelectric memories into the regime of nanoscale (100 nm or less) devices. A review is presented of deposition, switching, and leakage current in these devices, which are sma…
The mineralogy and microstructure, which affect the slaty cleavage, are linked with the strong preferred orientation of phyllosilicates and this enables the rock to be split into large, thin, flat sheets. Roofing slate samples with different commercial fissilities have been analyzed by radioluminescence (RL), thermolu…