Materials Literature
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Rubber-grade carbon black filler HAF(N330) was modified with a plant product (PP; long aliphatic chain substituted phenols), a proprietary item under patent application, in the presence or absence of hexamine (Hexa) or dicumyl peroxide (DCP) to put a flexible moiety in between the carbon black and the elastomer chain…
Toughness of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was improved by reactive blending of PBT with 2-substituted 1,3-oxazoline intermediates such as low-molecular-weight bisoxazolines, and oxazoline-functionalized nitrile rubbers derived from both nitrile liquid rubber (Nipol®) and high-molecular-weight hydrogenated nitril…
The toughening enhancement of Polyamide 6 blended with different types of functionalized elastomers was studied. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on undeformed samples in order to determine particle—size distribution. Yet more SEM examination of the damage zone ahead of notch…
The biodegradability of poly(δ-valerolactone-co-L-lactide)s was studied both with enzymatic (lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus) and nonenzymatic hydrolyses. The hydrolyzability was evaluated by recording the amount of the hydrolyzed water-soluble products. The enzymatic hydrolysis was considerably affected by copolymer co…
A model for single-domain uniaxial ferromagnetic particles with high anisotropy, the Ising model, is studied. Recent experimental observations have been made of the probability that the magnetization has not switched. Here an approach is described in which it is emphasized that a ferromagnetic particle in an unfavorab…
Polyhedral and tubular graphitic nanoparticles made of carbon layers and boron nitride (BN) layers have been synthesized. These particles were observed in the soot collected on the anode deposit formed by arcing a hafnium diboride rod with graphite in a nitrogen atmosphere. Elemental profiles with subnanometer-scale r…
A new acousto-electrical method making use of transient transverse acoustoelectric voltage (TAV) to study solid state structures is reported. This voltage arises after a surface acoustic wave (SAW) generating the signal is switched off. Related measurements consist in detecting the shape of transient voltage and its s…
The derivation of a three-dimensional integral equation for solute molecule-solvent site correlation functions is presented. The equation is obtained by averaging the Ornstein–Zernicke equation for molecular liquids over orientations of the solvent molecule consistent with one site of the solvent remaining at a fixed…
We apply our previously proposed “Gaussian cluster” model [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 1626 (1996)] to the study of macromolecular association and aggregation, under poor-solvent conditions (T<Θ). The properties of the macromolecular clusters are studied as a function of the number of chains ν=2,3,4,…, of the attractiv…
Rate constants for N2(A,v) quenching by O, for levels v=2–7, by O2 for levels v=3–7, and by NO for levels v=2–4, have been measured in this work. This is the first data set for the quenching by O of vibrational levels v>3. The results of this work are based on the measurement by laser induced fluorescence (LIF)…
The morphologies formed by block copolymers with a double-graft, H or S2IS2 architecture were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Here S and I represent blocks of polystyrene and polyisoprene, respectively. These materials were synthesized using anionic…
Laser Materials and Their Hosts. Nonliner Optical Crystals. Main Optical Materials. Alkali and Alkaline Earth Halides. Oxides, Sulfides, Selenides and Tellurides. Semiconductors and Other Crystalline Materials. Glasses and Polymers. Liquids. Gases. Appendix. References. Index.
Piezomagnetism refers to a change in the intrinsic magnetization of a material subjected to mechanical actions such as tension or compression. In a ferromagnet such as a mild steel these effects are easily measured: typically a stress of or 140 MPa induces a magnetic moment of the order of emu or , resulting in flux d…
The classic metallurgical systems -- noble metal alloys -- that have formed the benchmark for various alloy theories, are revisited. First-principles fully relaxed general potential LAPW total energies of a few ordered structures are used as input to a mixed-space cluster expansion calculation to study the phase stabi…
The photoelectron spectra of SiO2 on silicon powder is measured with and without the addition of carbon black. Samples without carbon black show significant charging and peak deformation due to photoelectron emission. Samples containing carbon black show no evidence of charging. Furthermore, the contribution from carb…
Laser light scattering (LLS), small-angle x-ray scattering, and small-angle neutron scattering are complementary techniques. Together they become unmatched among the physical methods that can be used to investigate the structure and dynamics of polymeric materials over a large range of length and time scales. The uniq…
Structure–property relationship studies have been performed in the La-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) solution as a function of quenched La impurity content and Zr/Ti ratio. For Zr/Ti ratios of 90/10 and 85/15, an incommensurate antiferroelectric state was found to be stabilized with increasing La content. Tem…
We report the results of a ${}^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ nuclear magnetic resonance study of icosahedral quasicrystalline ${\mathrm{Al}}_{70}{\mathrm{Re}}_{8.6}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{21.4}$ at temperatures between 0.04 and 300 K and in magnetic fields between 1.5 and 7 T. At very low temperatures we have found that the temperature dep…
A reflective liquid crystal diffraction grating is proposed which makes use of the maximum available surface area. The structure consists of alternating stripes, each a twisted-nematic domain with surface orientation perpendicular to that of its neighbors. All domains have the same twist sense. This device yields, in…
We report on energy resolved field emission measurements of 0.3 μm thick nitrogen containing diamondlike carbon (DLC). The film used in this study was deposited by filtered arc deposition onto a highly p-doped Si(100) wafer. The film showed homogeneous field emission over the entire wafer area with an onset field for…