Materials Literature
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Summary Clay–Al hydroxide polymers (CAlHO) can bind heavy metals effectively and may play an important role in the adsorption behaviour and metal binding capacity of soils. We studied the dependence of Al loading and pH on the adsorption of Zn on Na‐saturated montmorillonite–Al hydroxide polymer systems. The available…
We consider a prototypical model of a martensitic phase transition, which takes discreteness and nonlocality into account and allows one to reconstruct explicitly the Peierls-Nabarro energy landscape for the phase boundaries. We solve the discrete problem exactly and obtain a simple expression for the critical Peierls…
BACKGROUND: Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a real challenge for neurosurgeons and neurologists, because many molecules cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In recent years, solid polymeric materials have been implanted into animal and human brains either by surgery or using stereotact…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The emission limitations for heavy-duty vehicles are coming stricter between 2005 - 2008 in Europe, Japan and United States. In addition to engine, fuel and control modifications, efficient exhaust gas after treatments like oxidation/deNO<sub>x</sub> catalysts and part…
Abstract A study of the effect of temperature on a mixture of polymer and curative in the processing of rocket propellants is reported. Experimental viscosity of a hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene–toluene diisocyanate (HTPB–TDI) system was measured using a Brookfield viscometer model DV III. Viscosity showed dependen…
Aging effects of porous silicon (PS) and the origin of blue shift are investigated. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements of the PS prepared with HF-EtOH solution showed a 210 meV blue shift after 1.5 months. It is found from deconvolution of the PL spectra that this shift is not fully related to the quantum confinement…
Abstract The cure characteristics and mechanical properties of gum and filled acrylic rubber (ACM), fluorocarbon rubber (FKM), and their blends of varying compositions were studied both under unaged and aged conditions. The rheometric study showed that optimum cure properties were obtained using a mixed curing system…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">In real-world driving, the exhaust gas conditions in the particulate filter may induce incomplete filter regenerations. The implications of such partial regenerations are examined in this paper in terms of pressure drop and filter thermal loading. The methodology followed is based…
Abstract Benzophenone‐containing, anhydride‐terminated hyperbranched poly(amic acid)s were end‐capped by ortho ‐alkyl aniline in situ and then chemically imidized, yielding autophotosensitive hyperbranched polyimides. The polyimides were soluble in strong polar solvents, such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N ‐dimethylfor…
It is known that in a certain case, the secondary Bjerknes force (which is a radiation force acting between pulsating bubbles) changes, e.g., from attraction to repulsion, as the bubbles approach each other. In this paper, a theoretical discussion of this phenomenon for two spherical bubbles is described. The present…
Summary Andosols developed on basaltic material are naturally rich in metals. Organic matter and allophane, the key colloids of these soils, have a strong affinity for trace metals, but are intimately mixed so that speciation of trace metal is difficult to determine. We used three complementary approaches, namely phys…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Because of the great interest in biodiesel fuels around the world, the International Energy Agency's Committee on Advanced Motor Fuels sponsored this project to determine emissions and performance of a number of biodiesel fuels with a special emphasis on unregulated emissions. Oak…
Summary Lime, mined gypsum and some gypsum‐like by‐products have been frequently applied to soil to counter acidity. We have examined the changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of three acid soils resulting from the application of three industrial by‐products (phosphogypsum, red gypsum and sugar foam). W…
Band calculations show that a stripe-like anti-ferromagnetic spin wave is enforced by a 'half-breathing' phonon distortion within the CuO plane of HgBa_2CuO_4. This spin-phonon coupling is increased further by shear distortion and by increased distance between Cu and apical oxygens. The effects from spin-phonon coupli…
A review is given for the recent progress of research in the field of oxide-based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS), which was triggered by combinatorial discovery of transparent ferromagnet. The possible advantages of oxide semiconductor as a host of DMS are described in comparison with conventional compound semic…
A semiempirical formalism is presented for deriving interatomic potentials for materials such as caesium or cerium which exhibit volume collapse phase transitions. It is based on the Finnis-Sinclair second-moment tight-binding approach, but incorporates two independent bands on each atom. The potential is cast in a fo…
We use Langer's approach to calculate the reaction rate of a system of two (classical) spins interacting via the exchange coupling $J$ in a magnetic field $H$, with uniaxial anisotropy of constant $K$. We find a particular value of the exchange coupling, that is $j\equiv J/K = j_c\equiv 1-h^2$, where $h\equiv H/2K$, w…
We study linear guided waves propagating in a slab waveguide made up of a negative-refractive-index material, the so-called left-handed waveguide. We reveal that the guided waves in left-handed waveguides possess a number of peculiar properties such as the absence of the fundamental modes, mode double degeneracy, and…
BACKGROUND: One of the features of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques is a preponderance of macrophages. Experimental studies with hyperlipidemic rabbits have shown that ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIOs) accumulate in plaques with a high macrophage content and that this induces magnetic reso…
Summary The organic carbon content of soil is positively related to the specific surface area (SSA), but large amounts of organic matter in soil result in reduced SSA as determined by applying the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation to the adsorption of N 2 . To elucidate some of the controlling mechanisms of this r…