Materials Literature
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Abstract Akzo Nobel Chemicals has recently introduced on the market an aromatic oligomeric phosphate (BDP) based on Bisphenol A. This product shows higher thermal and hydrolytic stability than other aryl phosphates. It provides similar or better fire retardant performance than an oligomeric phosphate (RDP) based on re…
We describe improvements to a previously reported hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B15, 289 (1998) ], for measuring all rotational invariants of the first hyperpolarizability tensor. The full hyper-Rayleigh scattering tensor is expressed in terms of its rotationally invariant components leading to…
The ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}2x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{1+2x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ $(0.6<~x<~1.0)$ series has been successfully synthesized using a citrate gel technique in order to study their structure and properties as a function of x in the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$-rich region of the phase diagram. Rie…
An approach for scaling the ac conductivity in ion-conducting glasses was recently demonstrated. Here we demonstrate that this proposed scaling can be applied to the corresponding ac permittivity and thus leads to a complete description of the scaling of both the real and imaginary components of the dielectric respons…
Porous silicon thin films created under laser illumination in fluoride solutions without biasing have been studied by a variety of techniques to investigate the film structure and photoluminescence (PL). The use of ultrathin silicon wafers allows us to perform plan view transmission electron microscopy studies without…
A relation between B -site transition metal and ferroelectricity is investigated in A B O 3 perovskite-type oxides. We focus on intensity of the covalent bonds between the B-site atom and the oxygen octahedron and evaluate Harrison's covalency parameter α. The density functional theory within the local density approxi…
In this paper we discuss the formation and shape of the meniscus between a free-standing film of a smectic-A phase and a wall (in practice the frame that supports the film). The wall may be flat or circular, and the system with or without a reservoir of particles. The formation of the meniscus is always an irreversibl…
The incorporation of Fe 2+ was investigated in four natural cordierite samples. 57 Fe Mössbauer, single-crystal UV-VIS optical absorption, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as X-ray single-crystal diffraction were used. Mössbauer, optical, and XAS spectroscopy show that Fe 2+ is incorporated on two differen…
A model of contact damage accumulation from cyclic loading with spheres and ensuing strength degradation in relatively tough, heterogeneous ceramics is developed. The damage takes the form of a quasi‐plastic zone beneath the contact, consisting of an array of closed frictional shear faults with attendant “wing” microc…
An easy-to-apply analytical (“mathematical”) stress model is developed for the prediction of the stresses in, and the bow of, a circular substrate/thin-film structure subjected to a change in temperature. The model can be helpful for stress–strain analyses and physical design of thin film systems fabricated on circula…
Abstract Physical blowing agents such as n‐pentane and methyl formate and, for comparison, chemical blowing agents such as water were used to prepare structural polyurethane rigid foams of different densities by reaction injection molding. Experimental runs were carried out with formulations based on oligomeric isocya…
The fuel elements for Chinese 10 MW High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTR-10) are spherical all- ceramic fuel elements (SFE). TRISO (Tri-isotropic) coated fuel particles (CP) are uniformly dispersed in the graphite matrix of the fuel element. All radiological fission products are almost completely retained inside t…
An integrated computational approach to microstructural evolution and electrical transport in ceramic gas sensors has been proposed. First, the particle‐flow model and the continuum‐phase‐field method are used to describe the microstructural development during the sintering of a prototype two‐dimensional film. Then, t…
This paper presents a feasibility study to develop conductive knitted-fabric-reinforced thermoplastic composites for electromagnetic shielding applications. Polypropylene is the matrix phase, and glass fibers are the reinforcement phase of the composite material. Stainless steel wires and staple yarns are incorporated…
The effect of postdeposition annealing to 600 °C in vacuum on the hardness, modulus, film stress, and sp3 content of nonhydrogenated amorphous carbon was studied. The films were deposited using a filtered cathodic arc source and the film properties were varied by controlling the substrate bias. In films with an initia…
Abstract The grafting of polystyrene onto dissolved starch in a twin screw extruder has been studied. This copolymerization was initiated using the thermal initiators benzoyl peroxide and K 2 S 2 O 8 . As end product a mixture containing polystyrene‐grafted starch, homopolymer of polystyrene and starch was obtained. P…
L-Methionine gamma-lyase (MGL) catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent alpha,gamma-elimination of L-methionine. We have determined two crystal structures of MGL from Pseudomonas putida using MAD (multiwavelength anomalous diffraction) and molecular replacement methods. The structures have been refined to…
Modifications produced on a vulcanized styrene –butadiene rubber surface by treatment with sulfuric acid were studied and several experimental variables were considered. The treatment of R1 rubber with sulfuric acid produced a noticeable decrease in contact angle which was mainly ascribed to an increase in surface ene…
Abstract Three thermal probes were constructed in accordance with ASTM D 5334 and calibrated using heat-flow metre data. The temperature-time response of the thermal probes for determining apparent thermal conductivity λ under transient state conditions was logged at 1 s intervals. The instrumentation used reduced the…
Visible Raman spectroscopy excited at 532 nm was used to characterize the carbon bonding in tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films. The vibrational modes of the sp3 bonding in ta-C films were revealed directly. An additional Raman band occurring below 1350 cm−1 was observed. It consisted of two features centered on…