Materials Literature
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Edge-oriented MoS 2 films synthesized by single source precursor chemical vapor deposition exhibit a high density of nanowalls, which can potentially exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties. The electrochemical double-layer capacitance of layered, nanowalled MoS 2 film has been investigated in this…
This critical review focuses on recent progress in the field of T-shaped ternary amphiphiles. These molecules can self-assemble into a series of new liquid crystalline (LC) phases with polygonal cylinder structures, new lamellar phases and LC phases combining columns and layers. These structures are analyzed on the ba…
Nanoparticles are materials with overall dimensions in the nanoscale, ie, under 100 nm. In recent years, these materials have emerged as important players in modem medicine, with clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. Indeed, there are some ins…
Since the description of efficient electroluminescence from aluminium tris(hydroxyquinoline) in the mid 1980s, interest in new complexes and polymers with luminescence properties as emitting layers in light-emitting diodes has steadily increased. Recently, Ln(III) ion complexes have gained in importance for this type…
Nanotechnology makes use of the special surface properties of extremely small particles. In this rapidly growing field, many different materials are produced for a multitude of diverse applications. Possible adverse health effects of these materials however are so far scarcely investigated and are therefore a special…
We investigate graphene and graphene layers on different substrates by monochromatic and white-light confocal Rayleigh scattering microscopy. The image contrast depends sensitively on the dielectric properties of the sample as well as the substrate geometry and can be described quantitatively using the complex refract…
A simple yet highly reproducible method to suppress contamination of graphene at low temperature inside the cryostat is presented. The method consists of applying a current of several milliamperes through the graphene device, which is here typically a few microns wide. This ultrahigh current density is shown to remove…
To ensure future worldwide mobility, hydrogen storage in combination with fuel cells for on-board automotive applications is one of the most challenging issues. Potential solid-state solutions have to fulfil operating requirements defined by the fuel cell propulsion system. Important requirements are also defined by c…
We investigated the formation and mechanical properties of Mg97Zn1RE2 alloys with long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures by examining RE = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tb, Tm and Yb. The LPSO phase developed for RE = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Gd, Tb and Tm. LPSO Mg-Zn-RE alloys are either type I, in which the L…
The underlying theme of this Critical Review is the relationship between molecular structure and liquid crystalline behaviour in a class of materials referred to as liquid crystal oligomers. For the purposes of this review, a liquid crystal oligomer will be defined as consisting of molecules composed of semi-rigid mes…
The fluorescence from a single molecule can be strongly enhanced near a metal nanoparticle acting as an optical antenna. We demonstrate the spectral tunability of this antenna effect and show that maximum enhancement is achieved when the emission frequency is red-shifted from the surface plasmon resonance of the parti…
The change in shape inducible in some photo-reversible molecules using light can effect powerful changes to a variety of properties of a host material. The most ubiquitous natural molecule for reversible shape change is the rhodopsin-retinal protein system that enables vision, and this is perhaps the quintessential re…
Developments in the assembly of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces are reviewed where the assemblies can be controlled by tuning the size of the nanoparticles and the chemical characteristics of the ligands. Both synthetic and biological nanoparticles are discussed. By controlling the type of ligands, uniform a…
Recent advancements in controlling the surface properties and particle morphology of the structurally defined mesoporous silica materials with high surface area (>700 m(2) g(-1)) and pore volume (>1 cm(3) g(-1)) have significantly enhanced their biocompatibility. Various methods have been developed for the functionali…
We take familiar inorganic oxide glasses and non-oxide glasses and the liquids from which they derive to review the current understanding of their atomic structure, ranging from the local environments of individual atoms to the long-range order which can cover many interatomic distances. The structural characteristics…
As part of an investigation of new cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, we have investigated particular perovskite oxides with ordered A cations which, in turn, localize the oxygen vacancies into layers. The oxygen exchange kinetics of polycrystalline samples of the oxygen-deficient d…
Ultrathin crystals of the layered transition-metal dichalcogenide MoS2 (semiconducting) and TaS2 (metallic) were obtained by mechanical peeling or chemical exfoliation techniques and electrically contacted using electron-beam lithography. The MoS2 devices showed high field-effect mobility in the tens of cm2∕Vs and an…
Recent advances in aerosol and combustion science and engineering now allow scalable flame synthesis of mixed oxides, metal salts and even pure metals in the form of nanoparticles and films with closely controlled characteristics. In this way, high purity materials with novel metastable phases are made that are not ac…
Over the past two decades cancer has ascended the causes of human death to be number one or two in many nations world wide. A major limitation inherent to most conventional anticancer chemotherapeutic agents is their lack of tumor selectivity. One way to achieve selective drug targeting to solid tumors is to exploit a…
By converting waste heat into electricity and improving the efficiency of refrigeration systems, thermoelectric devices could play a significant role in solving today's energy problems. Increasing the thermoelectric efficiency (as measured by the thermoelectric material's figure-of-merit, zT) is critical to the develo…