Materials Literature
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The present paper reports on dispersions of internally liquid crystalline particles, formed from monoglyceride and oil mixtures, stabilized with discrete disklike particles of Laponite clay. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to probe the presence of dispersed particles as well as their internal liquid cryst…
The adsorption behavior of bottle-brush polymers with different charge/PEO ratio on silica was studied using optical reflectometry and QCM-D. The results obtained under different solution conditions clearly demonstrate the existence of two distinct adsorption mechanisms depending on the ratio of charge/PEO. In the cas…
Chitosan and its various neutral pH water-soluble derivatives were investigated for dispersing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Chitosan (CS) can produce good dispersion of SWNTs, but only in acidic pH condition. Our two novel derivatives, O -carboxymethylchitosan (OC) and OC modified by poly(ethylene glycol) a…
The effective viscosity of bubbly liquids is measured using the Stokes drag of a falling sphere, i.e. falling sphere viscometry. This method can evaluate the influence of a bubble's transient deformation. Viscosity relative to a single-phase fluid is directly obtained by the terminal falling velocities of the sphere.…
A two-dimensional iron(II) carboxylate coordination polymer, [Fe(pyoa)2]infinity, where pyoa is 2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)acetate, has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Its crystal structure reveals a single iron(II) site with an elongated octahedral coordination environment containing four equatorial carboxylate oxyg…
Highly oriented and large-scale ZnO nanorod arrays have been successfully synthesized on zinc foil by a simple, low-temperature, solution-phase approach. In this approach, zinc foil was used not only as a substrate but also as a zinc-ion source for the direct growth of ZnO nanorod arrays. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analy…
A highly enantioselective epoxidation of cyclic enones with hydrogen peroxide has been developed that is catalyzed by chiral primary amine salts.
We have previously shown that modification with succinylated poly(glycidol) (SucPG) provides stable egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) liposomes with pH-sensitive fusogenic property. Toward production of efficient pH-sensitive liposomes, in this study, we newly prepared three carboxylated poly(glycidol) derivatives w…
In analogy to the well established dependency of microbial reactions on the redox potential of the terminal electron acceptor, the dependency of the microbial activity in a highly active microbial fuel cell on the potential of the electron-accepting electrode (anode) in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) is investigated. An…
The Young–Laplace (Y–L) equation describes the difference between inside pressure and outside pressure of a spherical bubble due to surface tension. The Y–L equation is simply deduced from mechanical stability of a bubble, but it is still controversial whether the Y–L equation can be used for tiny bubbles, such as a “…
Protein molecular interaction fields are key determinants of protein functionality. PIPSA (Protein Interaction Property Similarity Analysis) is a procedure to compare and analyze protein molecular interaction fields, such as the electrostatic potential. PIPSA may assist in protein functional assignment, classification…
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Focused ultrasound can produce thermal and/or mechanical effects deep within tissue. We investigated the capability of intense focused ultrasound to induce precise and predictable subepidermal thermal damage in human skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Postmortem human skin samples were exposed to a…
Abstract The performance of III‐nitride based high‐power light emitting diodes (LEDs) is reviewed. Direct color high‐power LEDs with 1 × 1 mm2 chip size in commercial LUXEON® Rebel packages are shown to exhibit external quantum efficiencies at a drive current of 350 mA ranging from ∼60% at a peak wavelength of ∼420 nm…
Abstract Relatively large size (about 10 mm × 10 mm) m ‐plane GaN substrates are grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The high crystalline quality of the substrates was observed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Typical full widths at half maximum values of X‐ray rocking curves measured for the (10$ \bar 1 $ 0) a…
The metadynamics method for accelerating rate events in molecular simulations is applied to the problem of ice freezing. We demonstrate homogeneous nucleation and growth of ice at 180 K in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble without the presence of external fields or surfaces. This result represents the first report of c…
Photonic crystals can be designed to control and confine light. Since the introduction of the concept by Yablonovitch and John two decades ago, there has been a quest for the optimal structure, i.e., the periodic arrangement of dielectric and air that maximizes the photonic band gap. Based on numerical optimization st…
The excitation of a high density of carriers in semiconductors can induce an order-to-disorder phase transition due to changes in the potential-energy landscape of the lattice. We report the first direct resolution of the structural details of this phenomenon in freestanding films of polycrystalline and (001)-oriented…
A polarization rotator based on asymmetrical Si nanowires is presented and optimized for high polarization rotation efficiency (almost 100%). The present polarization rotator has a very small conversion length (~10 μm) and consequently becomes very compact. The analysis of the wavelength dependence shows the present p…
Breathing space: Time-resolved diffraction studies of the breathing of metal–organic frameworks in the presence of liquids reveal rapid exchange of one guest molecule by another. In some cases this occurs by direct exchange (as shown for water by pyridine), in others with the transient appearance of crystalline interm…
To relate continuum theories of elastic phenomena to typical atomic or molecular theories, one needs some way of correlating changes in positions of the entities in the latter with descriptions of deformation used in the former. For crystals, the most commonly used bridge used for this is the Cauchy—Born rule. In rece…