Materials Literature
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Two preceding parts of a paper (cond-mat/0508457, cond-mat/0508460) considered the heuristic values of recent experiments pointing to the nearly universal occurrence of photovoltages across solid surfaces under short-circuit conditions. These voltages arise by virtue of a variety of spectrally-dependent mechanisms act…
The kinetic pathways resulting from the formation of coherent L12-ordered y'-precipitates in the g-matrix (f.c.c.) of Ni-7.5 Al-8.5 Cr at.% and Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% alloys, aged at 873 K, are investigated by atom-probe tomography (APT) over a range of aging times from 1/6 to 1024 hours; these alloys have approximate…
Common Anabaena, Calothrix, and Leptolyngbya cyanobacteria are shown to form Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt nanoparticles of well-controlled size. These nanoparticles are synthesized intra-cellularly, and naturally released in the culture medium, where they are stabilized by algal polysaccharides, allowing their easy recovery. Th…
Abstract BaTiO 3 powders with various crystallite sizes, which were prepared through microemulsion‐mediated synthesis, were thoroughly studied by Raman spectroscopy. Clear evidence for the presence of the tetragonal phase was found for ultrafine powders with an average crystallite size above 30 nm. The lifetime of pho…
A novel fabrication of water-dispersible polyaniline-poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI–PSS) nanoparticles with an average diameter of ca. 30 nm is presented. PANI–PSS nanoparticles can be easily processed and thus used in inkjet-printed chemical sensors (an inkjet-printed image is shown in the figure). These chemical sen…
Transparent and electrically conductive composite silica films were fabricated on glass and hydrophilic SiOx/silicon substrates by incorporation of individual graphene oxide sheets into silica sols followed by spin-coating, chemical reduction, and thermal curing. The resulting films were characterized by SEM, AFM, TEM…
This study investigates alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) in the form of a film, a precipitate, as well as a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. The focus of this study is to fully characterize, using the complementary techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spe…
Abstract The boundary conditions and scope of catalytically stimulated synthesis of ordered intermetallics from solid metals are elucidated. The method is applied to the preparation of AlPd 5 . Its crystal structure has been determined by means of x‐ray powder diffractometry. AlPd 5 forms a structurally unmatched orde…
The crystallographic features of the orbital-ordered and charge-and-orbital-ordered states in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been investigated by in situ observations, using a transmission electron microscope, in an attempt to understand the distinct characteristics…
Using an x-ray diffraction with reciprocal space mapping, 90° domain switching in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films under an applied field was studied. An increase in the c-axis lattice constant and a decrease in the a-axis lattice constant due to the piezoelectric effect and switching from a domain…
Abstract Sc 2 Te 5 O 13 and Sc 2 TeO 6 : The First Oxotellurates of Scandium Sc 2 Te 5 O 13 and Sc 2 TeO 6 are the first oxotellurates of scandium that could be structurally elucidated by X‐ray diffraction using single crystals. The scandium(III) oxotellurate(IV) Sc 2 Te 5 O 13 was synthesized by reacting Sc 2 O 3 wit…
Abstract Crystallization of natural rubber (NR) and purified NR after storage hardening of the rubbers under dried condition with phosphorus pentoxide was investigated by dilatometry and polarized light microscopy. The purified NR was prepared by removing proteins and fatty acid ester groups from fresh NR (FNR) throug…
A guided-mode resonant filter incorporating an electro-optically tunable liquid crystal refractive index is demonstrated at a wavelength of 655nm and a tuning range of 4nm. Rigorous coupled wave analysis and finite difference time domain analysis are used to simulate the characteristics of the filter during liquid cry…
Abstract LuF[SeO 3 ] and LuCl[SeO 3 ]: Two Non ‐Isotypic Halide Oxoselenates(IV) of Lutetium Despite the formal similarity of LuF[SeO 3 ] and LuCl[SeO 3 ] both compounds show significant structural differences due to the different positions of the halide anions (X − ) within the pentagonal bipyramids [LuO 5 X 2 ] 9− .…
To establish a new technique for monitoring and control of high-level tritium in a fuel circulation system of the fusion reactors, the applicability of a new technique to elemental tritium and tritiated water was discussed. The new technique is based on the utilization of x-rays induced by β-rays from tritium, and it…
Dense, highly 〈110〉‐textured BaTiO 3 ceramics were prepared by the reactive‐templated grain growth method. Needlelike TiO 2 (rutile) particles with their needle axis parallel to 〈001〉 were used as reactive template particles. Slurry containing an equimolar mixture of TiO 2 and BaCO 3 was tape cast to form a green comp…
Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the reactivity of aluminum powders in air, oxygen, and nitrogen. In addition, the data were used to characterize active Al content, Al oxide content, volatile impurity content, particle size, and particle size distribution. Weight gains from complete oxidation of the Al wer…
The authors present first-principles density-functional theory studies on the atomic structure of the In2O3–ZnO system. They find that the In2O3–ZnO system has a polytypoid structure, which consists of wurtzite (Zn∕In)O slabs separated by single In–O octahedral layers that are inversion boundaries. Another type of bou…
Well‐dispersed spherical lanthanum oxycarbonate (La 2 O 2 CO 3 ) and La 2 O 3 particles with a flower‐like morphology were synthesized via a simultaneous polymerization–precipitate reaction, metamorphic reconstruction, and mineralization under a hydrothermal condition as well as subsequent calcination. The La 2 O 2 CO…
Temperature dependent cw- and time-resolved photoluminescence combined with absorption measurements are employed to evaluate the origin of radiative recombination in ZnCdO alloys grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The near-band-edge emission is attributed to recombination of excitons localized within band tail states li…