Materials Literature
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The repair and regeneration of damaged or resected bone are problematic. Bone autografts show optimal skeletal incorporation, but often bring about complications. Hence, there is increasing interest in designing new biomaterials that could potentially be used in the form of scaffolds as bone substitutes. In this study…
Tritium permeation can be significantly reduced by a suitable barrier on the structural materials of a future fusion power plant. Since alumina has the capability of tritium permeation reduction, the development of such coatings on ferritic martensitic steels by different techniques like hot-dip aluminizing (HDA) by F…
Abstract The spatial evolution of compositions and sub‐structures inside focused‐electron‐beam‐deposited tips from dicobalt‐octacarbonyl Co 2 (CO) 8 precursor at 25 keV and varying beam current (20 pA – 3 μA) is extensively studied for the first time by means of energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission elect…
Molecular segregation in methanol-water mixtures is studied across a wide concentration range as a function of temperature and pressure. Cluster distributions obtained from both neutron diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations point to significantly enhanced segregation as the mixtures are cooled or compressed.…
The 2 x 2 matrix methods are extended to calculate the optical behaviors of reflective liquid-crystal displays with asymmetric incident and exit angles. Both the unfolding method and the backward-eigenwave method are employed to derive the 2 x 2 matrix representations. The simulation results for symmetric incident and…
Oxidative cleavage of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) by rubber oxygenase RoxA purified from Xanthomonas sp. was investigated in the presence of different combinations of (16)O(2), (18)O(2), H(2)(16)O, and H(2)(18)O. 12-oxo-4,8-dimethyl-trideca-4,8-diene-1-al (ODTD; m/z 236) was the main cleavage product in the absence of (18)…
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of polyesters produced as reserve materials by many archae and eubacteria (gram – and gram + ) in aerobic and anaerobic habitats. Special growth conditions in bioreactors allow the tailored biosynthesis of PHA. It was found that olefinic monomers could be integrated in such PHA…
We have investigated inorganic cluster−surfactant materials to better understand the structural evolution of these phases as the surfactant:cluster ratio increases above 4:1 and the cluster charge increases beyond −4. Our studies suggest that both ordering of the surfactant molecules into bilayers as well as the clust…
A new procedure has been developed for fast preparation of saponite clays under non-hydrothermal synthesis conditions of 90 °C and 1 atmosphere. Saponites were synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture containing Si/Al 3+ gel, M 2+ -nitrate (M 2+ = Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, or Cu), urea, and water within a few hours. The synthe…
In this experiment students prepare nickel nanowires using a template synthesis technique and characterize their properties. Electrodeposition of nickel to fill the 200-nm diameter pores of a commercially-available alumina filtration membrane is accomplished using a nickel salt solution and a AA battery. The nanowires…
Abstract A suite of Vertisols (clay-rich soils with high shrink-swell potential) were examined across a climosequence (climatic transect) in twelve soil pits from the Coast Prairie of Texas in order to determine if mean annual precipitation (MAP) exerts a control on the chemistry of these soils, and if the observed ch…
Clinical in vitro endothelialization has been shown to increase the patency of synthetic vascular grafts. The shear stress resistance of the cultured autologous endothelium represents a crucial cornerstone of the concept. We investigated whether an enrichment of the precoating matrix with adhesion sites can augment en…
We report on the applicability of combining surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for high-sensitivity detection of biological molecules. We found that this combination of techniques provides more than 3 orders of signal enhancement compared with SERS and permits monitorin…
Abstract Because of environmental concerns, the zinc content in rubber compounds has come under scrutiny; therefore it is necessary to explore possibilities to reduce this zinc content. In this article the application of several zinc complexes as activator for sulfur vulcanization are discussed, in order to find alter…
This work investigates the impact of surface and bulk polaritons on the optical properties, especially the reflectance, of a negative index metamaterial (NIM) sandwiched between different dielectric layers. Regime maps are developed to describe the polariton dispersion relations and to help understand the effect of th…
The effect of block copolymer architecture on the suppression of droplet coalescence and on the interfacial elasticity was studied in immiscible blends of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyisoprene (PI) with a droplet-matrix morphology. The PDMS-PI diblock copolymers used in this study to compatibilize the blends di…
Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ali Mohraz, Michael J. Solomon; Orientation and rupture of fractal colloidal gels during start-up…
A combined catalyst and sorbent was prepared and utilized for steam reforming methane and propane in laboratory-scale systems. The material was prepared in the form of small spherical pellets having a layered structure such that each pellet consisted of a highly reactive lime or dolime core enclosed within a porous bu…
Nonceramic insulators, also referred to as composite, polymer or polymeric insulators, are used in overhead transmission lines with line voltages in the range of 69 to 735 kV. Despite the many benefits that nonceramic insulators offer in comparison with their porcelain counterparts, they can fail mechanically in servi…
BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin films were formed by depositing sol–gel solutions on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si<100> substrates. Five minute annealing in a nitrogen atmosphere at 550°C was sufficient to obtain crystalline BFO films. The leakage current density in BFO films was found to decrease markedly after optimizing the process con…