Materials Literature
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Several testable models for stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of metals are discussed in terms of the main experimental variables: stress, metallurgy, and environment. Slip-dissolution, film-induced cleavage, and hydrogen embrittlement models are all shown to be consistent with experimental data in particular systems. O…
The total contents of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in selected Brazilian soils (Oxisols, Ultisols, Inceptsols, and Alfisols) developed from different parent materials were investigated to estimate the contribution of clay minerals to K and Mg reserves. Total K and Mg contents in the Na-saturated clay were determin…
A chiral azobenzene derivative containing a cyclic syn-carbonate moiety functions as a gelator for various organic solvents; the dipole-dipole interaction drives the fibrous self-assembly of the rodlike gelator.
Abstract Blends of poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared in various compositions via melt mixing, and the morphological changes were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and synchrotron wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques at a heating rate of 10…
Thin AgO films are readily photoactivated at room temperature to produce dynamic, multicolored fluorescent Ag n nanoclusters. Writing efficiencies were separately examined as functions of excitation wavelength, intensity, and environmental interactions. The effects of external conditions on written nanocluster fluores…
Melt surface tensions and pressure−volume−temperature ( PVT ) data were obtained for many hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers including high melting polyesters and polyamides such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and nylon 66. A model is developed that uses surface tension to convert PVT data (from which the thermodyn…
Using Langevin simulations, we examine driven colloids interacting with quenched disorder. For weak substrates the colloids form an ordered state and depin elastically. For increasing substrate strength, we find a sharp crossover to inhomogeneous depinning and a substantial increase in the depinning force, analogous t…
The cylinder-to-gyroid transition in a block copolymer solution has been studied using a combination of rheology and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). A poly(styrene- b -isoprene) diblock copolymer with block molecular weights of 11 000 and 32 000 g/mol, respectively, dissolved in the styrene-selective solvent di-…
In solution phase synthesis of nanoparticles, processes such as coarsening and aggregation can compete with nucleation and growth in modifying the particle size distribution in the system. We show that coarsening of ZnO and ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ nanoparticles in solution follows the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner rate law for…
Nanostructures (e.g., nanotubes and nanofibers) of polyaniline (PANI) with an average diameter of 110−130 nm and a conductivity of 2.5 × 10 - 2 S/cm were synthesized by a self-assembly process in the presence of azobenzenesulfonic acid (ABSA) as a dopant. It was found that the formation probability and size of PANI−AB…
Abstract An analysis is made of various quantification issues concerning the analysis of ultrathin layers of SiO 2 on (100) and (111) polished Si surfaces. For analysis of the oxide thickness, a simple equation is generally used involving two parameters; the attenuation length of photoelectrons in the oxide and the ra…
We have studied the low speed fracture regime for different glassy materials with variable but controlled length scales of heterogeneity in a carefully mastered surrounding atmosphere. By using optical and atomic force (AFM) microscopy techniques we tracked in real-time the crack tip propagation at the nanometer scale…
Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering provides an ideal introduction to the subject. The first half of the text reviews the important results of "modern" physics and introduces the fundamentals of nuclear science. The second half introduces the theory of nuclear reactors and its application in electrical pow…
In this work, we discuss all possible double resonance processes which explain the observed features of the disorder-induced D band and its overtone, the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-band, in Stokes (S) and anti-Stokes (AS) Raman spectra of two-dimensional graphite. It is shown that the D band is composed by two peaks,which…
Using the Monte Carlo method, we have studied the pulsed laser deposition process at the sub-monolayer regime. In our simulations, dissociation of an atom from a cluster is incorporated. Our results indicate that the pulsed laser deposition resembles molecular beam epitaxy at very low intensity, and that it is charact…
The flux lines dynamics have been investigated on MgB2 bulk superconductors obtained by reactive liquid infiltration by measuring the ac magnetic susceptibility. The fundamental and third harmonics have been studied as a function of temperature, dc magnetic field, ac field amplitude and frequency. In order to determin…
We have investigated the magnetic-field-induced phase transition of charge-ordered (CO) ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ thin films, deposited onto (100)-oriented ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$ and (100)-oriented ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique, by measur…
This paper presents an overview of the statistical properties arising from the broadness of the distribution of tunnel currents in metal-insulator-metal tunnel junctions. Experimental current inhomogeneities can be modelled by a lognormal distribution and the size dependence of the tunnel current is modified at small…
Applying the decoration-iteration procedure, we introduce a class of exactly solvable doubly decorated planar models consisting both of the Ising- and Heisenberg-type atoms. Exact solutions for the ground state, phase diagrams and basic physical quantities are derived and discussed. The detailed analysis of the releva…
The effects of magnetism on high pressure properties of transition metals and transition metal compounds can be quite important. In the case of Fe, magnetism is responsible for stability of the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase at ambient conditions, and the large thermal expansivity in face-centered cubic (fcc) iron, a…