Materials Literature
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A microscopic model is developed considering randomly oriented polar regions stuck to the directions of random fields or stresses. The application of an external field (stress) in this model results in a dielectric and acoustic reply connected with a polarization (strain) rotation. Polarization (strain) fluctuation co…
It is shown that Coulomb series are to be considered within a special mode of summation so as to describe bulk properties of crystals. The translational invariance is then an explicit integral property of Coulomb series that is tantamount to the effect of invariant periodic boundary conditions discussed earlier. Absol…
An in vivo rat cage implant system was used to identify potential surface chemistries that prevent failure of implanted biomedical devices and prostheses by limiting monocyte adhesion and macrophage fusion into foreign-body giant cells while inducing adherent-macrophage apoptosis. Hydrophobic, hydrophilic, anionic, an…
We have successfully fabricated highly (up to 6%) Mn-doped bulk Ge single crystals. The lattice constant increases linearly with Mn concentration due to the larger Mn atomic radius compared with Ge, strongly indicating that Mn ions are being incorporated into the host Ge lattice. Alloys with lower Mn concentrations sh…
Nanotube/nanoparticle hybrid structures are prepared by forming Au and Pt nanoparticles on the sidewalls of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Reducing agent or catalyst-free electroless deposition, which purely utilizes the redox potential difference between Au3+, Pt2+, and the carbon nanotube, is the main driving force…
The linear absorption cross section is a crucial parameter to the design of nanocrystal quantum dot devices and to the interpretation of spectroscopic data. We measure and report the size-dependent absorption cross section of CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots. We compare the results for absorption far above the band edge,…
The layer structure of 4-octyl-4 ' -cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystalline free-standing films (FSFs) was studied. By transmission ellipsometry using a photoelastic modulator (PEM), the incidence angle dependence of the phase difference was measured with high resolution. The theoretical characteristics in the smectic…
The deposition of TiO 2 films on InP substrate is studied by liquid phase deposition (LPD) with H 2 TiF 6 and H 3 BO 3 as the starting materials at the growth temperature of 75°C. The growth rate of TiO 2 is about 42 Å/min. The surface morphology of the TiO 2 films was mirror-like. The film stoichiometry was measured…
Carbothermal reduction of silica is one of the most common methods of producing Si3N4 powders. The experimental conditions have an important influence on the structure of the final product, especially the balance of α- to β- Si3N4. The Sample Controlled Reaction Temperature method describes here has permitted to concl…
We measured the surface electric potential distribution on individual, electrically contacted and biased, multiwall carbon nanotubes using scanning surface potential microscopy. The voltage varies linearly along the nanotube and the voltage drop is directly proportional to the bias applied between electrodes. Its resi…
The pre-edge peak as well as the main peak just above the Fe K-absorption edge is observed for anisotropic tensor of susceptibility (ATS) scattering in magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 (inverse spinel structure). In order to investigate the origin of the peaks, we study the ATS scattering in franklinite, ZnFe 2 O 4 (normal spinel…
A thermomechanically consistent material model representing the multiaxial behavior of shape memory alloys is proposed in this article. The constitutive equations describe the one-way and two-way shape memory effect as well as pseudoelasticity, pseudoplasticity and the transition range between pseudoelasticity and pse…
The cathodoluminescence (CL) properties of Ce-activated strontium thiogallate (SrGa2S4:Ce) thin films have been investigated aiming towards phosphor screen application in an emissive display under low to medium accelerating voltage (<5 kV) excitation. The SrGa2S4:Ce thin films were grown by multisource depositi…
Durch Matrixanregung mit einer Energie, die größer ist als die Bandlücke, können Lanthanoidionen in Wirt-Gast-Systemen sensibilisiert werden (siehe Schema; ET=Energieübertragung, REE=Seltenerd-Emission). Die so verstärkte Lumineszenz der eingeschlossenen Lanthanoidionen führt zu charakteristischen linienförmigen Emiss…
We have measured the spin polarization of Xe (4p)(-1) photoelectrons after ionization with circularly polarized light at photon energies close to the ionization threshold where a resonant enhancement of quadrupole transitions has recently been predicted. At a reaction angle of 90 degrees a nonvanishing longitudinal sp…
Liquid crystals composed of photoactive groups like azobenzene are promising materials for optical switching and image storage applications. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, such materials are known to induce a transition from a liquid-crystalline nematic phase, in which the azo molecules are in the trans form t…
Fibroin is the main protein component of silk and is expected to have functional applications in bioelectronics and medicine. We investigated nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser ablation of solid fibroin films with/without a dye as a photosensitizer. Laser lights at 248 nm and 532/355/351 nm excited the peptide bond of fibro…
Fission product containment glasses were the first matrices for which long-term behavior studies were undertaken. A substantial body of results has been obtained over the last twenty years, international scientific cooperation programs have been developed, and a strict methodology has progressively been defined to pre…
Long-lasting phosphorescence was observed at 510 nm in a Sn2+–Cu2+ codoped Na2O–CaO–SiO2 glass at room temperature under UV illumination of 254 nm. When the glass was compressed under 3, 6, and 9 GPa, the phosphorescence shifted to 465 nm and its decay rate became shorter. The optical absorption spectra of the samples…
The generation of ammonia from atomic hydrogen and nitrogen has been demonstrated by means of cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The atomic species are produced in a thermal plasma source in which plasma is created from mixtures of hydrogen and nitrogen. It is shown that for large atomic flux conditions, 2% of t…