Materials Literature
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The effect of the processing variables shear rate, solids loading, and sintering temperature on the anisotropy of sintering shrinkage of aqueous tape‐cast alumina was studied. Higher shear rates and higher solids loading resulted in higher in‐plane shrinkage anisotropy, whereas the shrinkage anisotropy in the thicknes…
We develop the monomer, a molecular statics technique for the search of transition states under conditions of relatively complex atomistic environments. As its counterpart from the literature, the dimer, our method is based on forces evaluation alone and is able to find the saddle configuration without previous knowle…
Magnesium imidazolate: trans-diaquabis(imidazole-4-carboxylato-κ 2N,O)-magnesium(II) Mg(C4H3N2O2)2(H2O)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group P21/c). The structure is composed of monomeric molecules, each containing a Mg(II) ion located at the inversion centre and chelated by two imidazole-4-carboxylate…
The sonochemical reaction rate has been enhanced by the introduction of tiny air bubbles. The bubbles including micrometer-sized ones are produced by method of atomization and are introduced into aqueous luminol solution under 141-kHz sonication in order to investigate the enhancement of sonochemical reaction rate by…
The half-doped manganite, $({\mathrm{Eu}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{La}}_{0.1})({\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.1}){\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, has been found to exhibit sharp steplike metamagnetic transitions below $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The number of magnetic steps increases with decreasing temperature and this n…
New surface- and size-induced microstructures are found as analytic solutions to a phase field theory of first-order phase transformations. A recently developed exact stability criterion, based on most destabilizing fluctuations, is used to analyze the stability and physical interpretation of each microstructure. Cond…
L-colitose is a 3,6-dideoxysugar found in the O-antigens of some Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and in marine bacteria such as Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis. The focus of this investigation, GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose-3-dehydratase, catalyzes the third step in colitose production, which is the remov…
A binary solution mixture of distinct block copolymer micelles is found to adopt a superlattice. The larger micelles, formed from polystyrene-polyisoprene diblocks, have a nominal radius of 29 nm; the smaller micelles, formed from polystyrene-polydimethylsiloxane diblocks, have a nominal radius of 16 nm. The superlatt…
Fullerene-related carbon nanostructures can be synthesized by an arc-in-liquid system as a cost-effective technique. In this work, we investigated the effects of additional carbon sources from liquid media that were alcohols (C(m)H(2m+1)OH, m = 1-8), alkanes (C(m)H(2m+2), m = 6-7), and aromatic compounds (C6H6-C(n)H(2…
The pyroelectric properties of (1− x )Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3− x PbTiO 3 (PMN− x PT) single crystals with various compositions and orientations have been investigated using a dynamic method. Excellent pyroelectric performances can be achieved in 〈111〉‐oriented rhombohedral PMN− x PT (0.24≤ x ≤0.30) crystals, where the m…
Lanthanum‐containing perovskites, LaMO 3 (M=Al, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ga, and In), have been synthesized in molten carbonates from a mixture of lanthanum carbonate and an M‐containing oxide or an acetate, or from a co‐precipitation mixture of metal (M) and lanthanum. Metal aluminum, chromium, and iron, immersed in a…
Cd-doped alpha-MnS nanowires (av diam = 70 nm) were synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition of MnCl(2)/CdS powders. They all consisted of single-crystalline rock-salt MnS structures with the [111] growth direction. The X-ray diffraction pattern analysis indicates that 10% Cd doping would expand the lattice consta…
We present self-consistent, non-equilibrium Green's function calculations of the characteristics of short channel carbon nanotube transistors, focusing on the regime of ballistic transport with ohmic contacts. We first establish that the band lineup at the contacts is renormalized by charge transfer, leading to Schott…
A novel and facile chemical synthesis of highly faceted multiply twinned gold nanocrystals is reported. The gold nanocrystals are hexagonal in transmission electron microscopy and icosahedral in scanning electron microscopy. Phosphotungstic acid (PTA), which was previously reduced, serves as a reductant and stabilizer…
High purity of titanium tin carbide (Ti 2 SnC) powder was fabricated by pressureless sintering two types of mixtures of Ti/Sn/C and Ti/Sn/TiC powders under different conditions. A bimodal microstructure of Ti 2 SnC with plate‐like and rod‐like forms was first observed, which is determined by the grain growth rate in d…
Collagen has a unique folding mechanism that begins with the formation of a triple-helical structure near its C terminus followed by propagation of this structure to the N terminus. To elucidate factors that affect the folding of collagen, we explored the folding pathway of collagen-like model peptides using detailed…
beta-chitin is known to form intercalation complexes with aliphatic alcohols and amines. We found that it also forms complexes with carboxylic anhydrides. When the beta-chitin-acetic anhydride complex was heated to 105 degrees C, the hydroxyl groups of chitin were acetylated by a host-guest reaction, maintaining the h…
We present the macroscopic equations for polar nematic liquid crystals. We consider the case where one has both, the usual nematic director, n[over ] , characterizing quadrupolar order as well as the macroscopic polarization, P , representing polar order, but where their directions coincide and are rigidly coupled. In…
We report the experimental observation of an inverse Doppler shift from the motion of an ordinary solid object. The experiment used left-handed, or backward, spin waves in a magnetic thin film. As a pick-up antenna was moved toward the spin wave source, the measured frequency decreased. In contrast, an increase would…
The effects of pulsed magnetic fields and pressure on the spin crossover phenomenon between high-spin and low-spin electronic states in ferrous compounds are investigated by introducing a model based on a macroscopic master equation written in the mean-field approximation. A bidirectional transition is predicted on th…