Glass Transition in the Density Functional Theory of Freezing
freezing precipitation in North America and Northern Eurasia Pavel Ya Groisman, Olga N Bulygina, Xungang Yin et al.
Materials Literature
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Dielectric Relaxations and Electrical Transport Due to Nonadiabatic Small Polarons in p-Type NiO Doped with Li
Dielectric properties and dc-conductivities in p-type NiO doped with Li (1∼10 atomic%) were investigated below 300 K. Around 40 K, a dielectric relaxation peak appeared with an activation energy of 0.051 eV and the intensity of this peak was found to be thermally activated, the activation energy being 0.01 eV. There w…
The formation of jets from shaped charges in the presence of asymmetry
The jet from a nominally axisymmetric shaped charge is formed by the collapse of the typically conical liner under the high pressures resulting from detonation of the explosive around it. Where asymmetries are present the velocities imparted to the elements of the liner at a given axial distance from the cone tip will…
On the Role of Intergranular Exchange Coupling in the Magnetization Process of Permanent-Magnet Materials
The existence of domain wall-like moment distributions associated to the interfaces between exchange-coupled grains of hard magnetic phases with different directions of the local easy axis is demonstrated in the framework of the micromagnetic approximation. These structures constitute a very effective seed for the dev…
Casein kinase II protein kinase is bound to lamina-matrix and phosphorylates lamin-like protein in isolated pea nuclei.
A casein kinase II (CK II)-like protein kinase was identified and partially isolated from a purified envelope-matrix fraction of pea (Pisum sativum L.) nuclei. When [gamma-32P]ATP was directly added to the envelope-matrix preparation, the three most heavily labeled protein bands had molecular masses near 71, 48, and 4…
An FTIR–ATR investigation of in vivo poly(ether urethane) degradation
Abstract Surface degradation of implanted poly(ether urethane)s was studied quantitatively with a micro‐ATR–FTIR technique. Substantial degradation was observed particularly in the soft segment at the α‐carbon adjacent to the ether linkage. The degradation caused changes in the concentration profiles of the soft‐segme…
Raman scattering fromsp2carbon clusters
Raman spectra of B ion-implanted glassy carbon (GC) and hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films have been measured as a function of polarization direction of the scattered light and excitation wavelength. Raman bands of GC implanted heavily with a fluence of more than 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$…
Dynamic light scattering study of concentrated microgel solutions as mesoscopic model of the glass transition in quasiatomic fluids
This paper presents a light scattering study of the dynamics of concentrated solutions of nearly monodisperse (σ≊0.16) spherical micronetwork particles consisting of highly cross-linked polystyrene dissolved in carbon disulfide, i.e., a ‘‘good’’ solvent. Above volume fractions of φ=0.50 the intermediate scattering fun…
Hydrogen Diffusion in f.c.c. TiH x and YH x : Two Distinct Examples for Diffusion in a Concentrated Lattice Gas
The self-diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the dihydrides TiH x and YH x was investigated by neutron spectroscopy (1.59 < x < 2.09, 350 °C < T < 950 °C). The two hydrides differ in that hydrogen in TiH x occupies solely tetrahedral interstitial sites, whereas a small percentage (< 10%) of the hydrogen in YH x is al…
Electron-energy-loss study of the oxidation of polycrystalline tin
An electron-energy-loss (EELS) study has been carried out on polycrystalline Sn before and after room-temperature exposures of 100, 500, 1500, and 3500 L [1 Langmuir (L)=${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Torr s] to ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at low pressure (${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Torr) and to ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at…
Formation of stable, two-dimensional alloy-surface phases: Sn on Cu(111), Ni(111), and Pt(111)
Results are summarized of ion-scattering analysis of the surface structure obtained following deposition and annealing of ultrathin layers of Sn on Cu(111), Ni(111), and Pt(111). It is found that on each substrate, annealing to about 0.4 of the substrate melting temperature gives rise to a stable structure characteriz…
Studies on modified chitosan membranes. I. Preparation and characterization
Abstract Chitin was isolated from prawn shells, and chitosan was prepared from it. The degree of N ‐deacetylation and the molecular weight were determined using IR spectroscopy and viscometry, respectively. A series of different modified chitosan membranes were prepared by blending with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The…
Application of compressed carbon dioxide in the incorporation of additives into polymers
Abstract It has been found that carbon dioxide remarkably accelerates the absorption of many low molecular weight additives into a number of glassy polymers. This effect is due to the high diffusivity, solubility, and plasticizing action of compressed CO 2 in polymers. The transport of CO 2 and the effects of CO 2 pre…
Energetics of interplanar binding in graphite
Results of an ab initio density-functional study of interlayer binding in graphite are presented. We obtain good agreement with experimental results for the equilibrium c-axis lattice parameter, exfoliation energy, and uniaxial compressibility for this highly anisotropic material. We also present the calculated band s…
Luminescence polarization of CdSe microcrystals
We have considered theoretically the polarization of the luminescence of small CdSe microcrystals due to the hexagonal structure of the lattice. We derive the energy spectrum and wave functions of holes in spherical microcrystals. It is shown that the value of the splitting between the A and B hole states in microcrys…
Surface energy and work function of elemental metals
We have performed an ab initio study of the surface energy and the work function for six close-packed surfaces of 40 elemental metals by means of a Green's-function technique, based on the linear-muffin-tin-orbitals method within the tight-binding and atomic-sphere approximations. The results are in excellent agreemen…
Local atomic environment parameters and magnetic properties of disordered crystalline and amorphous iron-silicon alloys
The dependences of the specific saturation magnetization sigma (C), magnetic ordering temperature T C (C), average hyperfine field H(C) and average isomer shift delta (C) on Si concentration are measured in crystalline Fe-Si alloys disordered by mechanical crushing. It is shown that topological disordering does not de…
Current injection mechanism for porous-silicon transparent surface light-emitting diodes
We present a model for the injection of minority carriers into porous silicon films which results in visible dc electroluminescence. A thin interfacial dielectric region is postulated between the surface of the porous silicon layer and a transparent conductive oxide on the surface, which allows alignment of states bet…
Investigation of the L3-M45M45Auger spectra of Cu, Cu2O and CuO
The authors report a comparative study of the L 3 -M 45 M 45 Auger spectra of Cu, Cu 2 O and CuO. The large intensity of the uncorrelated two-hole band-like spectrum in the L 3 -M 45 M 45 Auger spectra of Cu 2 O and CuO and the spectral shapes for these transitions indicate strong Cu 3d-O 2p hybridization in the oxide…
Diffusion, dispersion, and settling of hard spheres
Using a multiple light scattering technique and a stabilizing counterflow (i.e., a fluidized bed), we measured the average sedimentation velocity, its variance, and the short-time self-diffusion coefficient in a concentrated hard-sphere suspension. Many-body hydrodynamic interactions slow both the Brownian diffusion a…