Materials Literature
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BACKGROUND: Engineered nanosized materials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), are emerging as technologically important in different industries. OBJECTIVE: The unique physical characteristics and the pulmonary toxicity of SWCNTs raised concerns that respiratory exposure to these materials may be associated…
BACKGROUND: Nanotechnology offers great promise in many industrial applications. However, little is known about the health effects of manufactured nanoparticles, the building blocks of nanomaterials. OBJECTIVES: Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles with a primary size of 2-5 nm have not been studied previously in i…
Thin-film solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) structures containing electrolyte membranes 50 – 150 nm thick were fabricated with the help of sputtering, lithography, and etching. The submicrometer SOFCs were made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or YSZ/gadolinium-doped ceria composites electrolyte and 80 nm porous Pt as c…
Conformational study of 2-phenylazo-1-vinylpyrrole and 2-(4-bromophenyl)azo-5-methyl-1-vinylpyrrole was performed on the basis of the experimental measurements and high-level ab initio calculations of their 13C--13C and 13C--1H spin-spin coupling constants, showing marked stereochemical behaviour upon the internal rot…
Abstract An effective method for producing arrays of nanoscale triangles, rods and wells on the distal end of a silica optical fibre is presented. The structures are produced by applying a wet‐etch procedure to drawn‐down imaging fibres. Structural variation is achieved by altering the final diameter of the drawn fibr…
We suggest a new method of quantum information processing based on the precise placing of P-31 isotope atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional Si-28 nanowire using isotope engineering and neutron-transmutation doping of the grown structures. In our structure, interqubit entanglement is based on the indirect interaction of P-…
Complementary nature of coercivity enhancement and exchange bias is generalized from the layered systems to ferro-antiferromagnet (F-AF) exchange coupled systems with arbitrary configurations and is proved based on the coherent rotation of the F magnetization. In the proof, the effect of F-AF coupling is absorbed into…
The polyoxometalates, or POMs (clusters comprising at least two metal and many oxygen atoms), have recently gained significant interest, owing to their versatile architecture and especially catalytic activities. Due to their high catalytic activity but low surface area, there is always a demand for making high-surface…
The steric interaction potential between colloidal particles imparted by adsorbed polymer layers is directly related to their structure. Due to the complexity of these interfacial structures, the steric potential may behave differently at different interparticle separations. In this study, we proposed a combined model…
Homo- and block copolyelectrolytes that have well-defined structures and are responsive to pH were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and employed to produce layer-by-layer (LBL) films. Acrylamido monomers with carboxylate, sulfonate, and amine functionality were uti…
Phase-separation structures are installed by solution casting and flow of a binary polymer-blend solution of polystyrene and poly-n-butylacrylate in toluene on silicon. Optical microscopy and scanning-probe microscopy measurements provide the surface topography. Large-scale structures are probed with high-resolution o…
Mesoporous silicas with methyl groups anchored on the pore wall by covalent bonds were prepared using polymethylhydrosiloxane and tetraethylorthosilicate as silica sources via a one-step synthesis approach. No surfactants were introduced in the synthesis and the pore size can be tuned readily by adjusting the amount o…
We investigate coupled excitonic and vibrational effects in carbon nanotubes using a time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach. The results reveal intricate details of excited-state dynamics. In the ground state, spontaneous uneven distribution of the pi electrons over the bonds (i.e., Peierls dimerization) is observed thr…
Abstract A novel diselena analogue of TTF-based spin-polarized donor was synthesized. An ion-radical salt of the donor electro-crystallized on an interdigitated electrode with 2 μm gap showed negative magneto-resistance below 15 K. This is the first example detecting the interaction between localized spin and conducti…
Natural salmon testes DNA has been used to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water. It has been found that the primary factor controlling the nanotube bundle size distribution in the dispersion is the nanotube concentration. As measured by AFM, the mean bundle diameter tends to decrease with decreasin…
Cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy were employed to probe the responsive properties of polyelectrolyte brushes. Poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) brushes over 100 nm thick on gold substrates were synthesized via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization and quaternized with meth…
Integrated magnetic sensors that allow simultaneous EPR and magnetization measurements have been developed to study single molecule magnets. A high frequency microstrip resonator has been integrated with a micro-Hall effect magnetometer. EPR spectroscopy is used to determine the energy splitting between the low lying…
We examined the effect of a metallic silver particle on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a nearby donor-acceptor pair. A donor- labeled oligonucleotide was chemically bound to a single silver particle and then an acceptor- labeled complementary oligonucleotide was conjugated by hybridization. The photo…
The Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ pyrochlore magnetic material is attracting much attention for its {\em spin liquid} state, failing to develop long range order down to 50 mK despite a Curie-Weiss temperature $θ_{\rm CW} \sim -14$ K. In this paper we reinvestigate the theoretical description of this material by considering a quan…
We study theoretically two electron-hole pair states (biexcitons) in core/shell hetero-nanocrystals with type II alignment of energy states, which promotes spatial separation of electrons and holes. To describe Coulomb interactions in these structures, we apply first-order perturbation theory, in which we use an expli…