Materials Literature
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The theory of wetting on super-hydrophobic surfaces is presented and discussed, within the general framework of equilibrium wetting and contact angles. Emphasis is put on the implications of super-hydrophobicity to the prevention of biofouling. Two main lines of thought are discussed, viz. i) "mirror imaging" of the L…
We examine the feasibility of admittance spectroscopy (AS) and susceptance analysis in the determination of the charge-carrier mobility in an organic material. The complex admittance of the material is analyzed as a function of frequency in AS. We found that the susceptance, which is the imaginary part of the complex…
This issue reviews developments in wetting and wicking of fibrous materials, covering characterization of wetting; wetting and wicking of fibers, filaments, yarns, and fabrics; factors affecting wetting and wicking of fibrous assemblies; mathematical models of wetting and wicking; and application areas of the same.
Nanoshells, which are thin coatings deposited on core particles of different material have gained considerable attention. These materials show novel properties which are different from their single-component counterpart. By simply tuning the core to shell ratio, the properties can be altered. With emerging new techniq…
For the development of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles as cellular probes and delivery agents, we have synthesized hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW 1500) having a thiol group on one terminus and a reactive functional group on the other for use as a flexible spacer. Coumarin, a model fluores…
Synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques have contributed significantly to a better understanding of the properties of materials on the macroscopic and microscopic scale over the last decades. They can be applied to samples from a diversity of fields, including Biology, Life Sciences, Chemistry and Materials. One of…
Tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are promising candidates for future energy conversion systems and expected to be applied widely for small-scale distributed generation to large-scale central station power plants because of their high electrical efficiency and high temperature exhaust gas utilization. This study p…
Anisotropic growth in nanomaterials can lead to many interesting growth morphologies. This is especially true when the crystal structure contains anisotropy not only due to different surface plane energies but also due to surface polarity and/or chemical activity. Such is the case with wurtzite ZnS. This feature artic…
For the first time, we report efficient density-assisted self-assembly synthesis of gold and platinum nanospheres, nanowires and nanorods using vitamin B2 (riboflavin) at room temperature without employing any special capping or dispersing agent; this environmentally benign and general approach affords a facile entry…
We have investigated the physical and optical properties of the left-handed chiral dopant ZLI-811 mixed in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) host BL006. The solubility of ZLI-811 in BL006 at room temperature is ~24 wt%, but can be enhanced by increasing the temperature. Consequently, the photonic band gap of the cholester…
Single-walled carbon nanotubes possess unique properties that make them a potentially ideal material for chemical sensing. However, their extremely small size also presents technical challenges for realizing a practical sensor technology. In this tutorial review we explore the transduction physics by which the presenc…
This critical review describes the recent arrival of ultrathin films of cellulose. The methodology of preparation as well as the applications of the films for fundamental research is fully covered. The review places cellulose in a wider scientific context where cellulose research is no longer a field of interest for s…
This work investigated suitability and efficacy of the sintering technique known as spark plasma sintering to produce ultra‐high‐temperature‐based Hf and Zr borides. Ceramic–matrix composites in the systems HfB 2 –SiC, ZrB 2 –MoSi 2 , and ZrB 2 –ZrC–SiC were processed by spark plasma sintering and hot pressing. The ef…
Ceramic solid solutions of PbZr1− x T x O3 (PZT) with compositions x≃ 0.50 are well-known for their extraordinarily large piezoelectric responses. The latter are highly anisotropic, and it was recently shown that, for the rhombohedral compositions (x ≲ 0.5), the piezoelectric coefficients were largest away from the po…
O1s core level binding energies of oxygen atoms in bulk ZnO, at different ZnO surfaces, and in some Zn oxo compounds were calculated by means of wave function based quantum chemical ab initio methods. Initial and final state effects were obtained by Koopmans' theorem and at the DeltaSCF level, respectively. After corr…
A hybrid aqueous electrochemical supercapacitor technology is presented in which activated carbon was used as a negative electrode and a lithium-ion intercalated compound Li Mn 2 O 4 as a positive electrode in a neutral Li 2 S O 4 aqueous electrolyte. The charge/discharge process is associated with the transfer of a L…
We investigate phase stability of several nickel hydroxides from first-principles. Hydrogen removal from is predicted to occur through a biphasic reaction to involving a change in the stacking sequence from T1 [for ] to P3 (for ). Further topotactic removal of hydrogen from can only occur after a step in a range betwe…
Solid oxide fuel cells produced at Risø National Laboratory have been tested as electrolysis cells by applying an external voltage.Results on initial performance and durability of such reversible solid oxide cells at temperatures from 750 to 950°C and current densities from -0.25 A/cm 2 to -0.50 A/cm 2 are reported.Th…
Pseudocapacitive charge-storage reaction of in several aqueous alkali and alkaline salts solutions, including , , , , and , has been studied on fine-grained thin films and particles which possess the -type crystal structure. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis shows that charge transfer at Mn sites upon red…
The degradation behavior of anode supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was investigated as a function of operating temperature and current density. Degradation rates were defined and shown to be mainly dependent on the cell polarization. The combination of a detailed evaluation of electrochemical properties by imp…