Materials Literature
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), extracted from salmon sperm through an enzyme isolation process, is precipitated with a surfactant complex, cetyltrimethl-ammonium chloride (CTMA), for application as a nonlinear optical (NLO) material. Preliminary characterization studies suggest DNA-CTMA may be suitable for use as the ho…
The threat of global warming and high fossil fuel prices have inspired talk of a revival of nuclear power, but skeptics say it is a poor investment and a worse security risk. This special focus section also discusses nuclear power9s global reach, new reactor designs, and plans for waste repositories.
We developed electrically-switchable two-dimensional diffractive gratings with periodic refractive index modulation arising from layers undulations in cholesteric liquid crystal. Two-dimensional layer undulations occur above the threshold voltage when a planar cholesteric cell of thickness much larger than the cholest…
Abstract A simple chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique with ultrasonication has been developed and successfully used to deposit cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films onto glass substrates from a bath containing cadmium salt and thiourea. The structural and electrical properties of the CdS films were investigated. From…
A light switch: The mechanism of transmission of the photoinduced torsional strain along a cyclic peptide, incorporating a biomimetic photochemical switch, is resolved by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations. The excited-state cis→trans motion of the switch does not affect the confo…
Nano-optical devices are raising more and more interest for a variety of applications. From single molecule detection at high molecular concentration by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) through optical multiplexing with photonic crystal structures into the exciting field of negative index of refraction mate…
Electrical and thermal conductivities of metal nanoparticles and their aggregates are important for many device applications involving nanomaterials. In this work, the electrical conductivity of gold nanoparticle aggregates has been measured and found to be a useful probe of the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles.…
In this study, cell coarsening in plastic foaming is investigated through numerical simulation. Cell coarsening occurring in two adjacent bubbles of different sizes in a finite volume of polymer melt is considered to be representative of the whole foaming system. A quadratic triangle-based finite element analysis with…
Abstract The extent of flame propagation of electric cables in the FM Global intermediate‐scale parallel panel test (PPT) using a 60 kW sand burner has been correlated with a dimensional fire propagation index (FPI,)[(m/s 1/2 )/(kW/m) 2/3 ] derived from ignition and vertical propagation tests in small‐scale ASTM E‐205…
We studied the electro-optical property and photorefractive effects in a semiconductor CdSe nanorod doped neamtic liquid crystal [NLC] system. The nonlinear index coefficient is measured to be <i>n</i><sub>2</sub>=2.05×10<sup>−2</sup><i>cm</i><sup>2</sup>/<i>W</i>, which is 10 times larger than that of an equiva…
The photophysical properties of excited singlet states of zinc tetra-(p-octylphenyl)-porphyrin in 5-25-nm-thick films spin-coated onto quartz slides have been investigated by optical spectroscopy. Analysis of the polarized absorption spectra using a dipole-dipole exciton model with two mutually perpendicular transitio…
Reactor builders think that fossil fuel prices and climate fears will revive nuclear power. But will new reactor designs overcome the concerns of utilities and the public?
We study mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules filled with polyelectrolyte solutions of high concentration. The osmotic pressure of counterions leads to a superswelling of microcapsules. The suppression of excess osmotic pressure causes a shrinking of capsules, which however do not return t…
As foaming appears as a problem in chemical and fermentation processes that inhibits reactor performance, the eminence of a novel fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon unsymmetrical bolaform (FHUB: OH(CH2)11N+(C2H4)2(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3 I-) surfactant as an antifoaming agent as well as a foam-reducing agent was investigated and compare…
Abstract Phosphorus‐doped diamond films were grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using organophosphorus gases, tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) and trimethylphosphine (TMP). The electronic properties are characterized based on secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Hall‐effect, and cathodoluminescence measurement…
Theoretical guidance, provided by quantum and statistical mechanical calculations, has aided the recent realization of electro-optic coefficients of greater than 300 pm/V (at 1.3 microns wavelength). This articles attempts to provide physical insight into those recent results and to explore avenues for the further imp…
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely applied for the chemical characterization of surfaces and multilayers of thin films. In order to obtain quantitative results, XPS peak areas generally are divided by sensitivity factors and normalized to 100at.% to obtain so-called raw concentrations. For homogeneous ma…
In situ secondary electron microscope (SEM) characterizations were carried out to study electromigration failure mechanism in dual-damascene Cu interconnect tree structures, which are important for reliability assessment as well as design optimizations of on-chip interconnects. Direct evidence of electromigration-indu…
Abstract A biochemical method to immobilize DNA on synthetic diamond for biosensor applications is developed. Nanocrystalline diamond is grown using microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition. On the hydrogen‐terminated surface 10‐undecenoic acid is tethered photochemically under 254 nm illumination, followe…
It is well known by far that biological organisms could exhibit sophisticated optical system, which compete or overcame the top technology products available. The diatoms are microscopic algae enclosed in intricate amorphous silica cells, called frustules. In this work the optical reflectivity data, infrared spectrosc…