Materials Literature
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The preparation of nanocrystalline vanadium nitride using a novel method (see Figure) is described. The new method uses a high-volume oxide foam as a precursor. The product obtained not only consists of very small crystallites and has a high surface area, but also shows significantly improved catalytic performance in…
This paper focuses on the radiation-damage effects when applying the same total X-ray dose to protein crystals at different dose rates. These experiments have been performed on both a selenomethionated protein and on bovine trypsin using dose rates that span nearly two orders of magnitude. The results show no clear do…
The gyrotropy (chirality) as one of the manifestations of spatial dispersion responsible, e.g., for the rotation of the plane of polarization of light can also lead to negative refraction (NR) in certain frequency ranges. We discuss this effect for homogeneous isotropic chiral media in a nonresonant frequency domain c…
We present a neutron scattering analysis of the structure of the smectic liquid crystal octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) confined in one-dimensional nanopores of porous silicon films (PS). The smectic transition is completely suppressed, leading to the extension of a short-range ordered smectic phase aligned along the pore ax…
Manual intervention is usually required in the multiple rounds of refinement of protein crystal structures, including linking and/or extending the fragments of the initial model and rebuilding (fitting) ill-matched residues using computer-graphics software. Such manual modification is both time-consuming and requires…
Peptide aptamers (=binders) against inorganic materials often show a capacity for mineralization of their target atoms; thus they are able to function both as binding molecules and as mediators for mineralization. Although the mechanisms underlying these two properties of peptide aptamers are not yet fully understood,…
A liquid-crystalline polymer (LCP) containing an azotolane group in the mesogenic moeity has been synthesized (see Figure). A homogeneously aligned film of the LCP exhibits an extremely large birefringence in a wide wavelength range. Upon irradiation by a pump laser beam, a large change in birefringence is quickly ind…
Synthesis of single-crystal bismuth telluride nanorods is reported by using a low-temperature, template-free approach (see Figure). Films of thioglycolic acid functionalized nanorods doped with sulfur exhibit n-type behavior with a high Seebeck coefficient, holding promise for thermoelectric device applications.
On compressing low-density amorphous ice (LDA) at 125 K up to 1.6 GPa, two distinct density steps accompanied by heat evolution are observable in pressure-density curves. Samples recovered to 77 K and 1 bar after the first and second steps show the x-ray diffraction pattern of high-density amorphous ice (HDA) and very…
The time and field dependence of the magnetic domain structure at magnetization reversal were investigated by Kerr microscopy in interacting ferromagnetic Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. Large local inhomogeneous magnetostatic fields favor mirroring domain structures and domain decoration by rings of…
Te nanowires made from stabilizer- depleted CdTe nanoparticles are assembled in thin films following a layer-by-layer assembly protocol. The thin film has a distinctively metallic mirror-like appearance and displays a strong photoconductance effect characteristic of narrow-bandgap semiconductors. In situ reduction of…
We suggest that tunable orientational nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystals can be employed for all-optical switching in periodic photonic structures with liquid-crystal defects. We consider a one-dimensional periodic structure of Si layers with a local defect created by infiltrating a liquid crystal into a pore, an…
We report experimental evidence of excitonic spin-splitting, in addition to the conventional Zeeman effect, produced by a combination of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction, Stark shift and charge screening. The electric-field-induced modulation of the spin-splitting are studied during the charging and discharging proce…
The $f^{-γ}$ sloped current noise power spectra, observed in organic semiconductors, have been interpreted within a {\em variable range hopping} mechanism of the fluctuations. The relative current noise power spectral density ${\cal S}(f)=S_I(f)/I^2$ exhibits a maximum at the {\em trap-filling transition} between the…
We show that Rb_4C_60 transforms from its ambient pressure orientationally disordered tetragonal structure to an ordered orthorhombic structure (isostructural to Cs_4C_60) at or above 0.4 GPa. This opens the possibility of studying the previously observed metal-insulator transition under pressure in this narrow band s…
The density of two-dimensional Ag adatom gases on W(110) is determined by monitoring local electron reflectivity using low energy electron microscopy (LEEM). This method of adatom concentration measurement can detect changes in adatom density at least as small as 10$^{-3}$ ML for a $μ$m size region of the surface. Usi…
Using molecular dynamics simulations, we determine the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of a model polymer melt in the unentangled regime. Several approaches are compared for the computation of linear moduli, including Green-Kubo and non equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). An alternative approach, based…
The role of transition metal impurities and oxygen vacancies in the formation of ferromagnetism in Co-doped TiO2 , Anisimov, V I, Korotin, M A, Nekrasov, I A, Mylnikova, A S, Lukoyanov, A V, Wang, J L, Zeng, Z
Quantum dots have promising properties for optoelectronic applications. They can be grown free of dislocations in highly mismatched epitaxy in the coherent Stranski-Krastanov mode. In this chapter, some thermodynamic aspects related to the wetting in the growth and self-assembly of three-dimensional (3D) coherent isla…
Encapsulation of β-carotene inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) greatly improves the stability of β-carotene. The Figure shows a schematic illustration of β-carotene inside a SWCNT. The surrounding tube wall protects β-carotene from reacting with radical species and suppresses its isomerization. This protec…