Materials Literature
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Series of polycarboxybetaines (PCB-n) of pyridiniocarboxylate structure with the same degree of polymerization but differing in the number, n, of methylene groups in the alkyl spacer between charges in the betaine moieties, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8, were synthesized. The utility of PCB-n as positively charged componen…
The crystal structure of Zr 2 Al 3 C 4 was refined by the Rietveld method from conventional X‐ray powder diffraction data. The structure was hexagonal (space group P 6 3 mc , Z =2) with a =0.334680(6) nm, c =2.22394(3) nm, and V =0.215731(6) nm 3 , being isomorphous with that of U 2 Al 3 C 4 . The final reliability in…
We consider the pretilt alignment of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) on inhomogeneous surface patterns comprising patches of homeotropic alignment domains in a matrix favoring homogeneous alignment, or vice versa. We found that the resultant LC pretilt generally increases continuously from the homogeneous limit to the h…
The effect of microstructure on the sliding‐wear properties has been studied in two types of pressureless liquid‐phase‐sintered (LPS) SiC ceramics, one with coarse, in situ ‐grown elongated grains and the other with fine, equiaxed grains. Elongated‐grain LPS SiC has been found to have dramatically improved sliding‐wea…
Nickel oxide yttria‐stabilized zirconia (NiO–YSZ) anode materials were synthesized via hydrolysis of the corresponding chloride solutions with NH 3 , NH 3 +NaOH, and NaOH as precipitation agents. Powder properties such as crystallite size, morphology, and sintering behavior of the final NiO–YSZ materials were also stu…
Abstract The sol–gel method is one of the most suitable ways for producing glasses, glass films, glass fibers, and glass nanoparticles. The relatively mild reaction conditions and simplicity of the sol–gel method make it an excellent tool for producing substances with precisely tailored properties. This technique open…
Abstract The electrical conductivities of various polyolefins filled with a high‐structure carbon black (CB) were studied. Typical percolation behaviors were observed in all of the materials studied. At a critical CB content, which defined the percolation threshold, CB formed conductivity pathways, and resistivity fel…
We report experiments on spontaneous imbibition of a viscous fluid by a model porous medium in the absence of gravity. The average position of the interface satisfies Washburn's law. Scaling of the interface fluctuations suggests a dynamic exponent $z\ensuremath{\simeq}3$, indicative of global dynamics driven by capil…
Arterial prostheses made of microporous Teflon (ePTFE) are currently used in vascular surgery as bypasses for small and medium vessels. However, several clinical complications, such as thrombosis, frequently occur in these prostheses when implanted in humans. In this work, an original strategy was developed to improve…
Reactivity and swelling of nanometer films of alternating maleic anhydride copolymers were investigated in dependence on the kind of comonomer and molar mass of copolymer in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and pH 3.0 in order to reveal their characteristics under physiological conditions. Fully hydrolyzed (maleic acid) cha…
Experimental studies of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) obtained through different synthesis routes show considerable variability in their mechanical properties. The strongest CNTs obtained so far had a high Young's modulus of 1 TPa but could only be produced in gram scale quantities. The synthesis by catalytic chemical vapor…
Physically based simulations are used to predict an electromigration (EM)-induced void nucleation and growth in dual-inlaid copper interconnects. Incorporation of all important atom migration driving forces into the mass balance equation and its solution together with the solution of the coupled electromagnetics, heat…
This paper investigates active control of an aftertreatment system for a conventional spark ignition engine equipped with one or two three-way catalysts and two oxygen sensors. The control objective is to maximize the simultaneous conversion efficiencies of oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons. Linear exhaust…
The phase composition, microstructure, and electrical resistivity of hot‐pressed AlN ceramics with 0–4.8 wt% Sm 2 O 3 additive were investigated. The phase composition was approximately consistent with that estimated from the Sm 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 phase diagram using the amount of added Sm 2 O 3 and oxygen content of the…
The conformational flexibility of a series of cage, basket, ladder, and tube polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) has been examined using the Low Mode:Monte Carlo conformational search method in conjunction with the MM3/GBSA(CHCl3) surface. An ensemble of low energy structures was generated and used to explore…
Abstract Epoxidized allyl soyate (EAS), a novel soy based epoxy resin, has been prepared by the process of transesterfication and epoxidation of regular food grade soybean oil. Two types of crosslinking agents were employed in this study. The effects of the concentration of EAS and the type of crosslinking agent on th…
We have succeeded in lowering the resistance of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) vias, using parallel channel conduction of each tube's inner shells. By optimizing the structure of the interface between MWNTs and Ti bottom contact layers, we could obtain a via resistance of 0.7 /spl Omega/ for a 2-/spl mu/m-diamete…
Abstract A new method was attempted to improve the interaction between poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and a commercially available organoclay, Cloisite 25A (C25A), by the addition of epoxy groups to the clay. Epoxy groups were grafted to C25A by a treatment with (glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane to produce twice func…
Growth habits and defects in epitaxial ZnO nanowires grown from Au catalyst on (00.1) GaN/sapphire substrate using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique were studied using electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results revealed presence of both horizontal (crawling-like) and vertical nanowires having similar…
A series of [0.8Pb(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –0.2PbTiO 3 ]/[(Ni 0.2 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.6 )Fe 2 O 4 ] (PNNT/NiCuZn) ferroelectric–ferromagnetic composites were prepared by the conventional solid‐state route. The composites show good co‐firing behaviors. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope studies confirmed the coexist…