Materials Literature
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Previous energetic considerations have led to the belief that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of $4\text{ }\text{ }\AA{}$ in diameter are the smallest stable CNTs. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we find that a stable $3\text{ }\text{ }\AA{}$ CNT can be grown inside a multiwalled carbon nanotube. Densi…
A convenient method to obtain patterns of films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) bundles on flexible plastic is described. Using the Line Patterning method SWNT films of thickness ranging from approximately 300-1500 nm can be obtained from aqueous surfactant-supported dispersions of chemically purified SWNT bu…
Seeding a conventional chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with even very small amounts of biological, inorganic, or organic nanofibers (usually <1%) dramatically changes the morphology of the resulting doped electronic polymer polyaniline from nonfibrillar (particulate) to almost exclusively nanofibers. The…
Methods used to strengthen metals generally also cause a pronounced decrease in electrical conductivity, so that a tradeoff must be made between conductivity and mechanical strength. We synthesized pure copper samples with a high density of nanoscale growth twins. They showed a tensile strength about 10 times higher t…
An analytical dishing model is developed for the damascene process, based on experimental data and physical analysis. A study utilizing this model shows that the impact of dishing on performance can be mitigated at both the process and design stages. More specifically, process improvement is favorable when the dishing…
Abstract The higher order nonlinear responses of random two‐phase composite media are investigated within spectral representation theory. The first component with the volume fraction p is assumed to have the nonlinear displacement (D)‐electric field (E) relation of the form D = ε1E+ χ1 |E|βE, where ε1 is the linear di…
When skin is stretched, stimuli experienced by a cutaneous mechanoreceptor neuron are transmitted to the nerve ending through the skin. In these experiments, we tested the hypothesis that the viscoelastic response of the skin influences the dynamic response of cutaneous rapidly adapting (RA) neurons. Cutaneous RA affe…
A dual hard mask, dual damascene architecture was developed to circumvent integration problems brought by porous ULK dielectric use. It was demonstrated that a via first strategy with adequately defined hard masks can improve patterning conditions.
This paper describes film characterization of Cu diffusion barrier SiC, SiCN and SiCO in detail. Although SiCN and SiCO achieve reduced leakage current and k-value, the biggest challenge is to achieve robust stability in film stress and k value because undesirable N and O doping cause increased film stress and k value…
Film or enamel wire insulation has many stresses to endure in end-use applications, some perform better then others under high frequency pulse power waveforms. This paper details comparison on round copper wire insulated with three types of insulation: enamel, inverter duty enamel and corona resistant film. Temperatur…
Dense liquids above their glass transition exhibit spatially heterogeneous dynamics in which regions within the liquid exhibit enhanced or diminished mobility relative to the average on some time scale. Substantial evidence suggests that these regions are confined to nanoscopic sizes at temperatures close to the mode…
Abstract A detailed analysis of the LaBGeO 5 single crystal vibration spectra has been carried out. The lattice vibration calculation based on a short‐range model potential function provides the theoretical background of this study. The model function parameters are taken from ab initio quantum mechanic calculations o…
Abstract A new microencapsulation technique is presented in which cholesteryl nonanoate (CN)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microcapsules are produced by the induction of phase separation between CN and PMMA within the droplets during the polymerization. The concentration of CN is the most important factor determini…
The electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance of ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiH}}_{x}$ $(0<x<4)$ films are investigated as a function of temperature, between 2 K and 280 K and magnetic fields up to 7 T. The overall features exhibited by the electrical resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and the char…
Although it has long been known that the classical notions of capacitance need modification at the nanoscale, in order to account for important quantum effects, very few first-principles investigations of these properties exist for any real material systems. Here we present the results of a large-scale ab initio inves…
We introduce a new method for building nanocrystal flash memory devices that achieves precise control of nanocrystal size and position. Nanocrystal dimensions are defined via polymer self assembly, facilitating device scaling. Devices exhibit low voltage memory operation with promising retention and endurance properti…
Molecular mechanics/dynamics computer simulations are used to explore the atomic scale structure and to predict binding energy values for polymer/clay nanocomposites based on random poly(butylene terephtalate-co-thiodiethylene terephtalate) copolyesters, montmorillonite and several, different organic surfactant. Our r…
Abstract A novel two‐dimensional organic−inorganic hybrid vanadate complex [{Co III (phen) 2 } 2 V 8 O 23 ] has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, XPS spectroscopy, TG analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis rev…
We have shown that a semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) can be covered uniformly by titanium atoms and form a complex but regular atomic structure. The circular cross section changes to a squarelike form, and the system becomes metallic with high state density at the Fermi level and with high quantum ba…
In this paper, we describe the comparison between C.P.N and B.P.N, for magnetic hysteresis modeling.