Materials Literature
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Using dynamic light scattering, we investigated supersaturated aqueous solutions of hen egg white lysozyme. We could observe the formation of aggregates only in solutions, from which crystals grew within a few days. The aggregates were grouped into smaller “units” and larger “clusters.” The units consisted of a few mo…
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are characterized by their ability to absorb and retain unusually large amounts of water and body fluids [1]. As these materials are dry substances and act as gelling...
An analysis of the electronic structure of the high-spin 3d7 Co(II) ion in the approximately octahedral Co(II)(acac)2(H2O)2 complex is presented in terms of crystal fields of descending symmetry from octahedral to orthorhombic. The energies and wave functions resulting from the interplay of these fields with the spin–…
Fabrication of micro surface morphology of cell culture substrates is one of the current topics in biomaterials research. Recently we found that regular honeycomb structures with micrometer scale dimensions can be fabricated by simple casting of a dilute solution of amphiphilic polymers on solid substrates. The honeyc…
As we are approaching the 21st century, the plastics industry may be witnessing a paradigm shift—a move from an all-petroleum-based industrial economy to one that encompasses a broader base of mate...
We consider the disordering dynamics of an interacting binary alloy with a small admixture of vacancies which mediate atom-atom exchanges. Starting from a perfectly phase-segregated state, the system is rapidly heated to a temperature in the disordered phase. A suitable disorder parameter, namely, the number of broken…
Betaines (a particular class of amphoteric surfactants) are commonly used as foam boosters in various products to improve their foamability and foam stability. Foaming media often contain dispersed drops of silicone or hydrocarbon oil, which act as foam destruction agents (antifoams). A complementary set of experiment…
Thermodynamical fluctuations of temperature in mirrors of gravitational wave antennae are transformed through thermal expansion coefficient into additional noise. This source of noise, which may also be interpreted as fluctuations due to thermoelastic damping, may not be neglected and leads to the necessity to reexami…
The packing of alpha-helices in proteins is restricted by both the principle of close packing and the chemical nature of side chains. As a result, (1) alpha-helical surfaces forming the interface should be complementary to each other, (2) hydrophobic stripes of the alpha-helices should fit together like pieces of a ji…
Liposomes containing acyl chains incorporating azobenzene chromophores have been investigated as potential 'caging' agents for fast solute release. On photolysis, trapped marker dye can be released from gel-phase liposomes within milliseconds. Solute release is markedly sensitive to the presence of cholesterol in the…
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Preface (J. Friedel). Twenty years of synthetic metals - the role of synthesis (D. Marsitzky, K. Mullen). Twenty years of conducting polymers: from fundamental science to applications (M.D. McGehee et al.). The normal phase of quasi-one-dimensional organic superconductors (C. Bourbonnais, D. Jerome). Interplay of stru…
We present all electron computations of the 3D Fermi surfaces (FS's) in Ba$_{1-x}$K$_{x}$BiO$_{3}$ for a number of different compositions based on the selfconsistent Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential-approximation (KKR-CPA) approach for incorporating the effects of Ba/K substitution. By assuming a simple cubic…
Many multicellular organisms produce hard tissues such as bones, teeth, shells, skeletal units, and spicules (1). These hard tissues are biocomposites and incorporate both structural macromolecules (lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides) and minerals of, perhaps, 60 different kinds, including hydroxyapatite, calcium c…
We study theoretically the effect of an external field on the nematic--smectic- $A$ transition close to the tricritical point, where fluctuation effects govern the qualitative behavior of the transition. An external field suppresses nematic-director fluctuations by making them massive. For a fluctuation-driven first-o…
We have investigated the electrical transport properties of heteroepitaxial La0.7Ca0.3MnO3(LCMO)/SrTiO3 multilayers; as the LCMO layer thickness was varied from 25 to 2.5 nm, the metallic transition was suppressed and enhanced magnetoresistance extended over low temperatures. The results of transport and magnetic meas…
Melting of the charge-ordered state in $(\mathrm{La},\mathrm{Ca}){\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ and $(\mathrm{Pr},\mathrm{Ca}){\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ is characterized by an anomalously large decrease of the wave vector---as much as $25%$ through the transition. High resolution lattice images obtained from electron microscopy reveal…
A decreasing trend of the optical gap E04 with increasing sp2 carbon content has been noticed in amorphous carbon thin films. This behavior is common to materials grown using different deposition methods and having different composition and local structure. The use of a model of density of states in which the π bands…
We report resonant x-ray scattering studies of charge and orbital order in ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ with $x\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.4$ and 0.5. Below the ordering temperature, ${T}_{O}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}245\mathrm{…
The phase diagram and low temperature properties of the doped manganites A1-xBxMnO3 are discussed for the concentrations x < 0.4. The transition from insulating antiferromagnetic to metallic ferromagnetic state at x_cr = 0.16 is treated by means of percolation theory. The unifying description of insulating and metalli…