Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Systems
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Materials Literature
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Amorphous silicon and germanium films for uncooled microbolometers
The possibility of using amorphous silicon and germanium films prepared by magnetron sputtering as components in uncooled microbolometers has been analyzed experimentally and results are presented. Amorphous silicon and germanium films having activation energies of 0.135 and 0.2 eV, and resistivities of 50 and 0.4 kΩ·…
Toluidines as corrosion inhibitors for zinc in sulphamic acid
The corrosion of zinc in sulphamic acid containing various isomer of toluidines has been studied. In plain sulphamic acid, the corrosion increases with the acid concentration and temperature. An increase in the concentration of the inhibitor increases the inhibition efficiency the order of inhibition efficiency in 0.1…
Structural models for decagonal quasicrystals with pentagonal atom-cluster columns
Based on high-resolution electron microscopy images and convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns, structural models of decagonal quasicrystals, which have pentagonal atom-cluster columns and belong to the space groups P10m2 and P105/mmc, have been contructed by the section method. The model for the space group P1…
Temperature induced anchoring transition in nematic liquid crystals with two-fold degenerate alignment
The two-fold degenerate alignment of nematic liquid crystals provided by obliquely evaporated SiOx layers was studied as a function of temperature. A temperature induced anchoring transition from tilted to planar alignment with more than 80 degrees between their preferred directions was found. The director in the two-…
Synthesis and Hemocompatibilities of New Segmented Polyurethanes and Poly(urethane urea)s with Poly(butadiene) and Phosphatidylcholine Analogues in the Main Chains and Long-Chain Alkyl Groups in the Side Chains
Three new phospholipid diols, bis[2-(2-hydroxyethyldimethylammonio)ethyl]diethylene octadecylamine diphosphate (BDODP), bis[2-(2-hydroxyethyldimethylammonio)ethyl]diethylene hexadecylamine diphosphate (BDHDP), and bis[2-(2-hydroxyethyldimethylammonio)ethyl]diethylene dodecylamine diphosphate (BDDDP), together with 1,4…
Surface and interface effects on ellipsometric spectra of crystalline Si
We present the first systematic investigation of the differences among reference-quality ellipsometrically measured pseudodielectric function 〈ε〉 spectra of crystalline Si, which are nominally used to approximate the bulk dielectric function of this material. In addition to the expected influence of residual overlayer…
Batch Lot Variability in Permeation Through Nitrile Gloves
Many factors should be considered in the selection of chemical protective clothing, but the majority of selections are based on manufacturers' permeation data composed of average results for three replicates; usually no information about variability is provided. It was hypothesized that variability across batch lots m…
The “fast” and “slow” mode theories of interdiffusion in polymer mixtures: Resolution of a controversy
Abstract The theory of interdiffusion of a pair of components in multicomponent polymer mixtures is reviewed from a statistical point of view, and the foundation of the “fast” and “slow” mode theories, as well as the more recent “ANK” theory of interdiffusion is critically examined. The ANK theory reproduces the resul…
InGaAs/InP thermoelectric infrared sensor utilizing surface bulk micromachining technology
A novel InGaAs/InP micromachined thermoelectric sensor is presented. The key features of the reported sensors are the high thermal resistivity and high mobility of InGaAs lattice matched to InP, combined with a value of Seebeck coefficient that is acceptable for such applications. The anisotropic and selective surface…
Raman spectroscopic study of the stress distribution in continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites
Raman spectroscopy was applied to silicon carbide/carbon continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites to study the microstructure and composition changes in the fibres in the matrices after the consolidation of the composite at high temperatures by hot pressing, and also the stress distributions in the compos…
Poly(1,2-phenylenevinylene)s Bearing Nitronyl Nitroxide and Galvinoxyl at the 4-Position: π-Conjugated and Non-Kekulé-Type Polyradicals with a Triplet Ground State
Poly[4-(4‘,4‘,5‘,5‘-tetramethyl-3‘-oxido-1‘-oxylimidazolinium-2‘-yl)-1,2-phenylenevinylene] ( 1 ) and poly[4-[(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-oxyphenyl)(3,5-di- tert -butyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ylidene)methyl]-1,2-phenylenevinylene] ( 2 ) were synthesized via the polymerization of 2-bromo-4-[1‘,3‘-bis( tert -butyldimethy…
Microstructure, composition, and optical properties of PbTiO3 thin films prepared by the sol-gel method
Crack-free and transparent PbTiO3 thin films with a perovskite structure were deposited on NaCl (100), Si(111), and fused quartz substrates by the sol-gel method. The crystal structure, morphology, domain structure, composition, and optical properties of the films were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction, tran…
Flame Retarding of Polymers with Sulfamates. I. Sulfation of Cotton and Wool
Some results of work carried out on flame retarding of cotton and wool fabrics are reviewed.* Cotton fabrics are rendered flame retardant upon treatment with ammonium sulfamate (AS) with urea or a urea-based cross linking agent, as co-additive, in the pad-dry-cure finishing treatment, with curing at 180-200°C for one…
Electrochemical interactions of biofilms with metal surfaces
Two mechanisms of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) are discussed and compared: corrosion modified by the presence of (1) sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and (2) manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB). It is demonstrated that the nature of MIC in both cases depends on the nature of inorganic materials precipitated at…
Halogenated Bis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalenes as a Unique Donor System
Abstract Chlorination, bromination and iodination of bis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene (BMT-TTF) produced mainly the dihalogenated products (BMT-TTFX2) with small amounts of the monohalogenated derivatives (BMT-TTFX). The molecular structures of BMT-TTFBr2 and BMT-TTFBr2•I3 have been determined, and the conductivities…
Crystallography and microstructure of TaRu
The solid-state phase transformations and crystallography of equiatomic TaRu were examined by conventional and in-situ high-temperature transmission electron microscopy, with complementary experiments using X-ray diffraction and dilatometry. This alloy undergoes two displacive phase transformations on cooling from the…
Complete Redox Exchange of Indium for Tl+ in Zeolite A. Crystal Structures of Anhydrous Tl12−A and In10−A·In. Indium Appears as In2+, In+, and In0. The Clusters (In5)8+ and (In3)2+ Are Proposed
Indium has replaced all of the Tl + ions in fully dehydrated fully Tl + -exchanged zeolite A by a solvent-free redox ion-exchange reaction with In metal at 623 K. The crystal structures of the zeolite before (Tl 12 Si 12 Al 12 O 48: a = 12.153(4) Å, R 1 = 0.054, and R 2 = 0.060) and after the reaction, followed by was…
Competing Reaction Mechanisms for the Carbonylation of Neutral Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Bidentate Ligands: A Theoretical Study
The complete carbonylation mechanism for the model palladium(II) system, Pd(PH 3 )(CH 3 )(N-O) + CO → Pd(PH 3 )(COCH 3 )(N-O) (N-O = NHCHCOO - ), has been investigated employing nonlocal density functional theory (DFT) and second-order Møller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Four possible mechanisms were identified,…
Substrate-dependent optical absorption characteristics of titanium dioxide thin films
We used the electron-beam evaporation method in various oxygen partial pressure environments to deposit TiO(2) thin films on various glass substrates at 300 degrees C. We found the threshold oxygen partial pressures above which the film is transparent are different for films on various substrates. Below the threshold…