Materials Literature
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Recent molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy high-angle twist grain boundaries (GBs) in Si revealed a universal liquid-like high-temperature structure which, at lower temperatures, undergoes a reversible structural and dynamical transition from a confined liquid to a solid; low-energy boundaries, by contrast,…
Most authors include a paraxial (small-angle) limitation in their discussion of diffracted wave fields. This paraxial limitation severely limits the conditions under which diffraction behavior is adequately described. A linear systems approach to modeling nonparaxial scalar diffraction theory is developed by normaliza…
This is a review article of the various experimental approaches used for measuring fabric mechanical properties important in apparel handling, including the biaxial tension and in-plane shear parameters. First, the paper discusses the important issues encountered during such a fabric test. Then most existing biaxial t…
Room–temperature magnets belonging to the Prussian blue family were obtained recently through mild chemistry methods, i.e. molecular solution chemistry at room temperature and pressure. The paper describes the rational way followed to reach this goal and the prospects opened. First, the structure of Prussian blues and…
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and a single-crystal x-ray structure determination at normal pressure have shown that Jahn-Teller active manganese ions in ${\mathrm{ZnMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are present in one valence state (III) on the octahedral sites of the spinel structure. The high-pres…
A low-temperature topotactic route is used to assemble metal−anion arrays within a perovskite host. Ion exchange between RbLaNb 2 O 7 and CuX 2 (X = Cl, Br) results in a new set of layered copper−oxyhalide perovskites, (CuX)LaNb 2 O 7 . Rietveld structural analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data confirms the formati…
Processing and properties of bagasse fiber-polypropylene composites are reported. Four different chemical treatments of the vegetal fibers were performed in order to improve interface adhesion with the thermoplastic matrix: namely isocyanate, acrylic acid, mercerization, and washing with alkaline solution were applied…
A new method for fabrication of metal‐cermet anodes in solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) has been developed. Highly porous, yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films were prepared using a mixture of zircon fibers (YSZp, Si‐stabilized, and <0.3% Si) and normal YSZ powders (YSZd). The films remained highly porous following ca…
Magnetic and specific-heat measurements are performed in three different samples of ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}},$ with $\ensuremath{\delta}=0.11,$ 0.15, and 0.26, presenting important disorder effects, such as carrier localization, due to high amounts of La and Mn vacancies. For the samples with $\ensure…
The changes of crystal structure and morphology in poly(glycolide), PGA, homopolymer and poly(glycolide- co - l -lactide), PGA- co -PLA, (90/10) random copolymer during in vitro degradation were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (…
A new red phosphor, SrTiO 3 :Pr 3+ , was developed for vacuum fluorescent displays (VFDs) and field emission displays (FEDs). It was discovered that the addition of Al is essential to achieve a high luminous efficiency of low-voltage cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence. The mechanism underlying the improvement o…
Carbon nanotubes were discovered by electron microscopy in the carbon soot produced in an electric arc between graphite electrodes, as used in the production of fullerenes. Details of this microstructure have been studied mainly by the combined use of electron microscopic imaging and electron diffraction. Due to the s…
We show that a free energy entirely in the order-parameter strain variable(s), rather than the displacement field, provides a unified understanding of martensitic textures. We use compatibility equations, linking the strain tensor components in the bulk and at interfaces, that induce anisotropic order-parameter strain…
We report, from direct observation of particle trajectories as a function of time, the presence of stringlike cooperative motion in a quasi-two-dimensional liquid. We have used digital video microscopy to study the equilibrium dynamics of suspensions of sterically stabilized uncharged poly(methylmethacrylate) spheres…
Lattice relaxation on the surface of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ is investigated under the assumption that the spurious lattice expansion in perovskite nanocrystals is caused by the surface relaxation. By comparing the observed peak position and full width at half maximum with those of the calcul…
Within the microelectronics industry, there is an ongoing trend toward miniaturization coupled with higher performance. High glass-transition temperature polynorbornenes exhibit many of the key performance criteria necessary for these demanding applications. However, homopolynorbornene exhibits poor adhesion to common…
In this paper, we present quantum mechanical (QM) calculations, at a periodic Hartee−Fock (HF) level, on the bulk and surface properties of cubic CeO 2 and ZrO 2 . We have investigated the M−O bonding features, and established the high degree of ionicity of both materials, which is greater for CeO 2 than ZrO 2 . The c…
The role of avian eggshell matrix proteins in shell formation is poorly understood. This calcitic biomaterial forms in a uterine fluid where the protein composition varies during the initial, calcification, and terminal phases of eggshell deposition. A specific antibody was raised to a 116-kDa protein, which is most a…
We have produced arrays of Co nanowires in anodic porous alumina filters by means of electrodeposition. The structure and magnetization behavior of the wires was investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetization measurements. NMR shows that the wires consist of a mixture of fcc and hcp texture with…
We have analyzed recent results for the electron paramagnetic resonance linewidths in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ and related materials over the range $0<~x<~1.$ In all cases studied, the linewidth away from magnetic and structural transitions can be fitted to the expres…